Wayzata World Factbook 1996/The World Factbook - 1996 Edition - Wayzata Technology (3079) (1996).iso/pc/windows/terror.tbk

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Terror Groups 1
15 May Organization
title
15 May Organization
Description
Formed in 1979 from remnants of Wadi Haddad's Popular Front for the
Liberation of Palestine-Special Operations Group (PFLP-SOG).  Led by
Muhammad al-Umari, who is known throughout Palestinian circles as Abu
Ibrahim or the bomb man.  Group was never part of PLO.  Reportedly disbanded
in the mid-1980s when several key members joined Colonel Hawari's Special
Operations Group of Fatah.
Activities
Claimed responsibility for several bombings in the early-to-middle 1980s,
including hotel bombing in London (1980), El Al's Rome and Istanbul offices
(1981), and Israeli Embassies in Athens and Vienna (1981).  Anti-US attacks
include an attempted bombing of a Pan Am airliner in Rio de Janeiro and a
bombing on board a Pan Am flight from Tokyo to Honolulu in August 1982.
(The accused bomber in this last attack, Mohammed Rashid, is currently
awaiting trial in the United States for the bombing, which killed a Japanese
teenager.)
Strength
50 to 60 in early 1980s.
Location/Area of Operation
Baghdad until 1984. Before disbanding, operated in Middle East,
Europe, and East Asia.  Abu Ibrahim is reportedly in Iraq.
External Aid
Probably received logistic and financial support from Iraq until 1984.
SELECTED INCIDENT CHRONOLOGY
JANUARY, 1980:
KILLED A 22 YEAR OLD ARAB STUDENT AND WOUNDED A GERMAN NATIONAL IN
A BOMBING OF THE MOUNT ROYAL HOTEL IN LONDON.
MAY, 1981:
DETONATED AN EXPLOSIVE DEVICE OUTSIDE THE ROME OFFICE OF EL AL
AIRLINES.
AUGUST, 1981:
DETONATED AN EXPLOSIVE DEVICE NEAR THE EL AL OFFICE AT LEONARDO DA
VINCI AIRPORT IN ROME.
AUGUST, 1981:
DETONATED AN EXPLOSIVE DEVICE NEAR THE EMBASSY OF ISRAEL IN ATHENS.
JANUARY, 1982:
KILLED ONE CHILD AND WOUNDED 46 PERSONS IN THE BOMBING OF A JEWISH
RESTAURANT IN WEST BERLIN.
AUGUST, 1982:
KILLED ONE PERSON AND INJURED FOURTEEN WITH A TIME-DELAY EXPLOSIVE
DEVICE THAT DETONATED ON A PAN AMERICAN AIRCRAFT SHORTLY BEFORE IT
LANDED IN HAWAII.
DECEMBER, 1983:
ATTEMPTED TO BLOW UP THREE AIRLINERS IN FLIGHT.  EXPLOSIVE DEVICES
WERE DISCOVERED ABOARD TWO ISRAEL-BOUND FLIGHTS AND A SUITCASE BOMB
WAS DISCOVERED PRIOR TO BEING LOADED ABOARD A ROME-NEW YORK FLIGHT.
JANUARY, 1984:
ATTEMPTED TO BLOW UP AN EL AL FLIGHT FROM TEL AVIV TO ATHENS WITH A
SUITCASE BOMB.  THE ATTEMPT FAILED DUE TO A TECHNICAL MALFUNCTION
IN THE DEVICE.
OCTOBER, 1985:
ITALIAN POLICE ARRESTED TWO MEMBERS OF MAY 15 AND SEIZED DEVICES
FOR USE IN ATTACKS ON AMERICAN EXPRESS AND THE AMERICAN EMBASSY IN
ROME.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE ABOVE INFORMATION WAS DERIVED FROM MULTIPLE STATE DEPARTMENT,
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, AND PUBLIC MEDIA SOURCE DOCUMENTS.
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Terror Groups 2
Abu Nidal Organization (ANO)
title
Abu Nidal Organization (ANO)
aka:  Fatah Revolutionary Council, Arab Revolutionary Council, Arab
Revolutionary Brigades, Black September, Revolutionary Organization of
Socialist Muslims.
Description
International terrorist organization led by Sabri al-Banna.  Split from PLO
in 1974.  Made up of various functional committees, including political,
military, and financial.
Activities
Has carried out over 90 terrorist attacks since 1974 in 20 countries,
killing or injuring almost 900 people.  Targets the united States, the
United Kingdom, France, Israel, moderate Palestinians, the PLO, and various
Arab countries, depending on which state is sponsoring it at the time.
Major attacks include Rome and Vienna airports in December 1985, the Neve
Shalom synagogue in Istanbul, the Pan Am Flight 73 hijacking in Karachi in
September 1986, and The City of Poros day-excursion ship attack in July 1988
in Greece.  Suspected of carrying out assassination on 14 January 1991 in
Tunis of PLO deputy chief Abu Iyad and PLO security chief Abu Hul.  ANO
members also attacked and seriously wounded a senior ANO dissident in
Algeria in March 1990.
Strength
Several hundred plus "militial" in Lebanon and overseas support structure.
Location/Area of Operation
Headquartered in Iraq (1974-83) and Syria (1983-87); currently headquartered
in Libya with substantial presence in Lebanon (in the Bekaa Valley and
several Palestinian refugee camps in coastal areas of Lebanon).  Also has
presence in Algeria.  Has demonstrated ability to operate over wide area,
including Middle East, Asia, and Europe.
External Aid
Has received considerable support, including safehaven, training, logistic
assistance, and financial aid from Iraq and Syria (until 1987); continues to
receive aid from Libya, in addition to close support for selected
operations.  Also has a presence in Sudan.
SELECTED INCIDENT CHRONOLOGY
SEPTEMBER, 1973 - WHILE STILL AFFILIATED WITH FATAH, ABU NIDAL MOUNTED AN
OPERATION, SEIZING THE EMBASSY OF SAUDI ARABIA IN PARIS, AND
DEMANDING THE RELEASE OF ABU DAWUD, A FATAH TERRORIST BEING HELD
IN JORDAN.
OCTOBER, 1974:
ATTEMPTED ASSASSINATION OF FATAH OFFICIAL ABU MAZIM.  ABU NIDAL
WAS SENTENCED TO DEATH IN ABSENTIA BY FATAH FOR THIS ATTEMPT.
SEPTEMBER, 1976:
ATTACK AND TAKEOVER OF THE SEMIRAMIS HOTEL IN DAMASCUS
OCTOBER, 1976:
ATTACKS ON SYRIAN EMBASSIES IN ISLAMABAD AND ROME.
NOVEMBER, 1976:
ATTACK ON THE INTERCONTINENTAL HOTEL IN AMMAN.
DECEMBER, 1976:
FAILED ASSASSINATION ATTEMPT AGAINST SYRIAN FORTEIGN MINISTER IN
DAMASCUS.
OCTOBER, 1977:
ANOTHER FAILED ATTEMPT TO ASSASSINATE THE SYRIAN FOREIGN MINISTER,
THIS TIME IN ABU DHABI.  THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES MINISTER OF
STATE FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS WAS KILLED.
AUGUST, 1978:
ATTACK ON THE OFFICES OF THE PLO IN PAKISTAN.
JULY, 1980:
ATTACK ON THE CHILDREN OF A JEWISH SCHOOL IN ANTWERP.
JULY, 1980:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE MURDER OF THE ISRAELI COMMERCIAL
ATTACHE IN BRUSSELS.
MAY, 1981:
MURDERED A VIENNA CITY COUNCILMAN AND THREATENED TO KILL AUSTRIAN
CHANCELLOR KREISKY.
AUGUST, 1981:
MACHINEGUNNED A VIENNA SYNAGOGUE, KILLING TWO AND WOUNDING
SEVENTEEN PEOPLE.
JUNE, 1982:
ATTEMPTED ASSASSINATION OF SHLOMO ARGOV, ISRAELI AMBASSADOR TO THE
UNITED KINGDOM.
JUNE, 1982:
MURDERED A PLO OFFICIAL IN ROME WITH A CAR BOMB.
AUGUST, 1982:
ATTEMPTED TO MURDER THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (UAE) CONSUL IN
BOMBAY.
SEPTEMBER, 1982:
ASSASSINATED A KUWAITI DIPLOMAT IN MADRID.
OCTOBER, 1982:
KILLED ONE CHILD AND INJURED TEN PEOPLE IN A GRENADE AND
MACHINE-GUN ATTACK ON A SYNAGOGUE IN ROME.
APRIL, 1983:
MURDERED PLO OFFICIAL ISSAM SARTAWI AT THE SOCIALIST INTERNATIONAL
CONFERENCE IN LISBON.
OCTOBER, 1983:
ATTEMPTED TO MURDER THE JORDANIAN AMBASSADOR TO ITALY IN ROME.
OCTOBER, 1983:
SEVERELY WOUNDED THE JORDANIAN AMBASSADOR TO INDIA IN NEW DELHI.
NOVEMBER, 1983:
ATTACKED SECURITY GUARDS ASSIGNED TO THE JORDANIAN EMBASSY IN
ATHENS, KILLING ONE AND WOUNDING ANOTHER.
DECEMBER, 1983:
BELIEVED RESPONSIBLE FOR BOMBING THE FRENCH CULTURAL CENTER IN
IZMIR, TURKEY.
FEBRUARY, 1984:
IMPLICATED IN THE PARIS MURDER OF THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
AMBASSADOR TO FRANCE.
MARCH, 1984:
ASSASSINATED A BRITISH DIPLOMAT IN ATHENS.
NOVEMBER, 1984:
ASSASSINATED THE BRITISH HIGH COMMISSIONER IN BOMBAY, INDIA.
DECEMBER, 1984:
MURDERED ARAFAT SUPPORTER ISMAIL DARWISH IN ROME.
MARCH, 1985:
KIDNAPPED BRITISH JOURNALIST ALEC COLLETT IN BEIRUT; COLLETT WAS
REPORTED TO HAVE BEEN MURDERED ONE YEAR LATER, BUT INFORMATION IS
INCONCLUSIVE.
MARCH, 1985:
ATTACKED THE ROME OFFICES OF ALIA, THE ROYAL JORDANIAN AIRLINES,
WOUNDING THREE PEOPLE.  ALSO BELIEVED TO BE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE
SIMULTANEOUS ATTACKS ON ALIA OFFICES IN ATHENS AND NICOSIA.
APRIL, 1985:
FIRED A ROCKET AT AN ALIA AIRLINER AS IT TOOK OFF FROM ATHENS
AIRPORT.  ALTHOUGH THE ROCKET DID NOT DETONATE, IT LEFT A HOLE IN
THE FUSELAGE.
JULY, 1985:
BOMBED THE BRITISH AIRWAYS OFFICE IN MADRID, KILLING ONE AND
WOUNDING TWENTY SEVEN.  FIVE MINUTES LATER ATTACKED THE MADRID
OFFICES OF ALIA, TWO BLOCKS AWAY, WOUNDING TWO PERSONS.
SEPTEMBER, 1985:
GRENADE ATTACK AGAINST THE CAFE DE PARIS IN ROME, WOUNDING THIRTY
EIGHT PEOPLE.
SEPTEMBER, 1985:
HIJACKED AN EGYPTIAN AIRLINER TO MALTA, WHERE SIXTY PEOPLE WERE
KILLED DURING A RESCUE ATTEMPT BY EGYPTIAN FORCES.
DECEMBER, 1985:
ATTACKED THE AIRPORTS AT ROME AND VIENNA, KILLING SIXTEEN AND
WOUNDING SCORES.  CLAIMED BY THE CELLS OF THE ARAB FEDAYEEN.
SEPTEMBER, 1986:
ATTEMPTED HIJACKING OF PAN AMERICAN FLIGHT #73 AT KARACHI, KILLING
TWENTY TWO PERSONS.
SEPTEMBER, 1986:
LESS THAN TWENTY FOUR HOURS AFTER THE KARACHI ATTACK, ANO
OPERATIVES ATTACKED THE NEVE SHALOM SYNAGOGUE IN ISTANBUL, KILLING
MORE THAN TWENTY WORSHIPPERS.
JULY, 1987:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR BOMBING A RESTAURANT ON THE WEST BANK OF
THE OCCUPIED TERRITORIES, WOUNDING FIFTEEN.
NOVEMBER, 1987:
CLAIMED TO HAVE SEIZED A YACHT OFF THE COAST OF ISRAEL AND TAKEN
ITS EIGHT OCCUPANTS HOSTAGE.
MARCH, 1988:
A LONE GUNMAN ATTACKED AN ALITALIA AIRLINES CREW ABOARD A COMMUTER
BUS IN BOMBAY, SERIOUSLY WOUNDING THE CREW CAPTAIN.
MAY, 1988:
IN KHARTOUM, SUDAN, ANO OPERATIVES KILLED EIGHT AND WOUNDED
TWENTY ONE IN SIMULTANEOUS ATTACKS ON THE ACROPOLE HOTEL AND THE
SUDAN CLUB.
JULY, 1988:
FOLLOWING THE PREMATURE DETONATION OF A CAR BOMB AT AN ATHENS PIER,
IN WHICH TWO ANO OPERATIVES WERE KILLED, ANO GUNMEN ABOARD THE DAY
CRUISE SHIP "CITY OF POROS" ATTACKED THE PASSENGERS, KILLING NINE
AND WOUNDING NINETY EIGHT.
JANUARY, 1991:
ABU IYAD, CONSIDERED THE SECOND MOST SENIOR OFFICIAL OF FATAH AFTER
YASSIR ARAFAT; AND ABU HUL, COMMANDER OF THE WESTERN SECTOR FORCES
OF FATAH, WERE ASSASSINATED BY AN ABU NIDAL OPERATIVE.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE ABOVE INFORMATION WAS DERIVED FROM MULTIPLE STATE DEPARTMENT,
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, AND PUBLIC MEDIA SOURCE DOCUMENTS.
Terror Groups 3
Al-Fatah
title
Al-Fatah
aka:  Al-'Asifa.
Description
Headed by Yasser Arafat, Fatah joined the PLO in 1968 and won the leadership
role in 1969.  Its commanders were expelled from Jordan following violent
confrontations with Jordanian forces during the period 1970-71, beginning
with Black September in 1970.  The Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982 led
to the group's dispersal to several Middle Eastern countries, including
Tunisia, Yemen, Algeria, Iraq, and others.  Maintains several military and
intelligence wings that have carried out terrorist attacks, including Force
17 and the Western Sector.  Two of its leaders, Abu Jihad and Abu Iyad, were
assassinated in recent years.
Activities
In the 1960s and the 1970s, Fatah offered training to a wide range of
European, Middle Eastern, Asian, and African terrorist and insurgent groups.
Carried out numerous acts of international terrorism in western Europe and
the Middle East in the early-tomiddle 1970s.  Arafat signed the Declaration
of Principles (DOP) with Israel in 1993 and renounced terrorism and
violence.  There has been no authorized terrorist operation since that time.
Strength
6,000 to 8,000
Location/Area of Operation
Headquartered in Tunisis, with bases in Lebanon and other Middle Eastern
countries.
External Aid
Has had close political and financial ties to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and
other moderate Gulf states.  These relations were disrupted by the Gulf
crisis of 1990-91.  Also had links to Jordan.  Received weapons, explosives,
and training from the former USSR and the former Communist regimes of East
European states.  China and North Korea have reportedly provided some
weapons.
SELECTED INCIDENT CHRONOLOGY
NOTE:  MANY OF THE INCIDENTS RELATED BELOW WERE CARRIED OUT AND IN MANY CASES
CLAIMED BY COVERT FATAH SURROGATES, SUCH AS BLACK SEPTEMBER, FORCE 17, THE
HAWARI GROUP, ETC.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
MARCH, 1971:
A FIVE MAN FATAH TEAM DESTROYED FUEL TANKS AT THE OIL DOCK
FACILITIES IN ROTTERDAM.
JULY, 1971:
ATTACKED AN ALIA (ROYAL JORDANIAN AIRLINES) OFFICE IN ROME.
JULY, 1971:
ATTACKED AN ALIA PLANE AT CAIRO.
AUGUST, 1971:
HIJACKED AN ALIA FLIGHT TO ALGERIA.
SEPTEMBER, 1971:
ATTEMPTED HIJACKING OF AN ALIA FLIGHT FROM BEIRUT TO CAIRO.
NOVEMBER, 1971:
ASSASSINATED THE JORDANIAN PRIME MINISTER, WASFI EL-TAL, IN CAIRO.
CLAIMED BY BLACK SEPTEMBER.
DECEMBER, 1971:
ATTEMPTED ASSASSINATION OF THE JORDANIAN AMBASSADOR TO THE UNITED
KINGDOM IN LONDON.
FEBRUARY, 1972:
ASSASSINATED FIVE PALESTINIANS AND ONE JORDANIAN IN WEST GERMANY.
MARCH, 1972:
ATTEMPTED ATTACK AGAINST THE LONDON RESIDENCE OF JORDAN'S KING
HUSSEIN.
SEPTEMBER, 1972:
EIGHT BLACK SEPTEMBER TERRORISTS SEIZED THE DORMITORY OF ISRAELI
ATHLETES AT THE OLYMPIC VILLAGE IN MUNICH.  WHEN THE INCIDENT WAS
EVENTUALLY RESOLVED, ELEVEN ISRAELI ATHLETES AND COACHES WERE DEAD,
A GERMAN POLICEMAN WAS DEAD, FIVE TERRORISTS HAD BEEN KILLED, AND
THREE CAPTURED.  THE ARRESTED TERRORISTS WERE SUBSEQUENTLY RELEASED
BY THE GOVERNMENT OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY FOLLOWING A
LUFTHANSA HIJACKING IN OCTOBER, 1972.
SEPTEMBER, 1972:
SENT LETTER BOMBS FROM AMSTERDAM TO ISRAEL AND TO ISRAELI
EMBASSIES AND CONSULATES IN PARIS, GENEVA, MONTREAL, VIENNA,
OTTAWA, BRUSSELS, KINSHASA, BUENOS AIRES, AND WASHINGTON.
NOVEMBER, 1972:
ASSASSINATED A SYRIAN JOURNALIST IN FRANCE.
DECEMBER, 1972:
CAPTURED THE ISRAELI EMBASSY IN BANGKOK.  TERRORISTS HELD SIX
EMPLOYEES HOSTAGE, BUT RELEASED THEM AFTER 19 HOURS.
JANUARY, 1973:
ATTACKED THE JEWISH AGENCY IN PARIS.
MARCH, 1973:
OCCUPIED THE SAUDI EMBASSY IN SUDAN.  THREE WESTERN DIPLOMATS
INCLUDING THE AMERICAN AMBASSADOR, THE AMERICAN DEPUTY CHIEF OF
MISSION, AND THE BELGIAN CHARGE, WERE MURDERED.
SEPTEMBER, 1973:
ATTEMPTED MISSILE ATTACK AGAINST AN EL AL AIRCRAFT IN ROME.
SEPTEMBER, 1975:
SEIZED AND OCCUPIED THE EGYPTIAN EMBASSY IN MADRID.  THE TERRORISTS
TOOK SIX DIPLOMATS HOSTAGE WHOM THEY THREATENED TO KILL UNLESS
EGYPT WITHDREW FROM PEACE TALKS IN GENEVA AND CONDEMNED INTERIM
AGREEMENTS WITH ISRAEL.  THE TERRORISTS TOOK THEIR HOSTAGES TO
ALGIERS, WHERE THEY WERE RELEASED.
JULY, 1978:
ATTEMPTED ASSASSINATION OF THE IRAQI AMBASSADOR TO THE UNITED
KINGDOM.
AUGUST, 1978:
ATTEMPTED ASSASSINATION OF THE IRAQI CONSUL IN KARACHI.
APRIL, 1985:
THE COASTAL FREIGHTER "ATAVARIUS" WAS INTERCEPETED AND SUNK WHILE
ATTEMPTING TO INFILTRATE A FATAH RAIDING PARTY INTO ISRAEL.
TWENTY RAIDERS WERE KILLED AND EIGHT WERE CAPTURED.
SEPTEMBER, 1985:
FORCE 17 OPERATIVES SEIZED A PRIVATE PLEASURE BOAT IN LARNACA,
CYPRUS, TOOK THREE ISRAELIS ON BOARD HOSTAGE, AND BEFORE
SURRENDERING, MURDERED THEM.
OCTOBER, 1985:
FORCE 17 MURDERED TWO ISRAELI MERCHANT SEAMEN IN BARCELONA.
FEBRUARY, 1986:
FORCE 17 CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR A BUS BOMBING IN ISRAEL THAT
WOUNDED SIX.
JULY, 1986:
FATAH OPERATIVES BELONGING TO THE HAWARI ORGANIZATION WERE
ARRESTED IN MOROCCO WHILE PLANNING A TERRORIST OPERATION.
SEPTEMBER, 1986:
AN ISRAELI CITIZEN WAS STABBED TO DEATH IN A MARKET IN GAZA. FORCE
17 CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ATTACK.
FEBRUARY, 1987:
NINE PEOPLE WERE INJURED BY A BOMB ABOARD A BUS ENROUTE TO
JERUSALEM FROM HAIFA.  FORCE 17 CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY.
JULY, 1987:
FORCE 17 CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR A BUS BOMBING IN ISRAEL THAT
INJURED TWO PEOPLE.
JULY, 1987:
AN ANTI-ARAFAT CARTOONIST WAS MURDERED IN LONDON.  FORCE 17 HAS
BEEN IMPLICATED IN THE ATTACK.
MARCH, 1988:
A BUS WAS HIJACKED BETWEEN BEERSHEBA AND DIMONA, ISRAEL. THREE
PASSENGERS WERE KILLED BEFORE ISRAELI SECURITY FORCES STORMED THE
BUS.  FORCE 17 CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY.
OCTOBER, 1990:
THREE ISRAELIS WERE STABBED TO DEATH AND ONE WAS WOUNDED. PERSONS
CLAIMING TO REPRESENT FORCE SEVENTEEN AS WELL AS THE PALESTINIAN
ISLAMIC JIHAD CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
PLEASE NOTE THAT FURTHER INFORMATION ON FATAH TERRORIST OPERATIONS MAY BE
FOUND IN THE PROFILES OF VARIOUS FATAH SURROGATES SUCH AS FORCE 17.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE ABOVE INFORMATION WAS DERIVED FROM MULTIPLE STATE DEPARTMENT, DEPARTMENT
OF DEFENSE, AND PUBLIC MEDIA SOURCE DOCUMENTS.
Terror Groups 4
Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya
title
Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya
(aka: The Islamic Group)
Description
An indigenous Egyptian Islamic extremist group active since the late 1970s;
appears to be loosely organized with no single readily identifiable
operational leader.  Sheikh Omar Abdel Rahman is the preeminent spiritual
leader.  Goal is to overthrow the government of President Hosni Mubarak and
replace it with an Islamic state.
Activities
Armed attacks against Egyptian security and other officials, coptic
Christians, Western tourists, and Egyptian opponents of Islamic extremism.
It assassinated the speaker of the Egyptian assembly in October 1990 and
launched a series of attacks on tourists in Egypt in 1992.  The group
wounded the Egyptian Information Minister in an assassination attempt in
April 1993.
Strength
Not known, but probably several thousand hardcore nembers and another
several thousand sympathizers.
Location/Area of Operation
operates mainly in the Al Minya, Asyut, and Qina Governorates of southern
Egypt.  It also appears to have support in Cairo, Alexandria, and other
urban locations, particularly among unemployed graduates and students.
External Aid
Not known.  Egyptian Government believes that Iran, Sudan, and Afghan
militant Islamic groups support the group.
January - May 1995:
Mallawi, about 160 miles south of Cairo has been the seen of clashes between
Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya and the Egyptian government.  At least 150 persons have
been reported killed.
January 1995:
Over 670 policemen have been killed in political violence since 1992.
9 December 1993
Egypt
A police officer was killed and six others injured when a group of terrorists
opened fire on two movie houses which were showing foreign films.  On 12
December Al-Gam'a al-Islamiyya claimed responsibility, stating that the attack
was in retaliation for the screening of "immoral" films.
20 April 1993
Egypt
Terrorists attempted to assassinate Egyptian Information Minister Safwat
Sharif in Cairo by firing shots at his motorcade.  The Minister was slightly
injured and his bodyguard seriously wounded.  Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya claimed
responsibility for the attack.
Terror Groups 5
Algerian Terrorism
title
Algerian Terrorism
Description
Terrorism in Algeria is conducted by a number of indigenous Islamic militant
groups seeking to overthrow the current secular regime and establish an
Islamic state.  Algerian violence began following the ouster of President
Bendjedid in 1992 and the follow-on regime's voiding of the Islamic
Salvation Front's (FIS) victory in parliamentary elections of December 1991.
Following a government crackdown in which many FIS leaders were imprisoned
or exiled, the Islamic movement in Algeria splintered into numerous militant
groups, not all of which are affiliated with the FIS.  Groups that have been
responsible for terrorist attacks are the Armed Islamic Group (AIG), the
Movement for an Islamic State (MIS), the Army of the Prophet Muhammad, the
United Company of Jihad, and the Armed Islamic Movement (AIM).
Activities
Frequent attacks against regime targets, particularly police, security
personnel, and government officials; these include assassinations and
bombings.  Algerian terrorists have turned increasingly to violence against
civilians.  Since June 1993, for example, they have killed seven Algerian
journalists.  In September 1993, Algerian terrorists began targeting foreign
nationals in Algeria, murdering two Frenchmen.  In October, they killed five
foreign nationals and kidnapped several more, including three French
Consular officials, and threatened to begin indiscriminate attacks on all
foreign residents by December.  Since 1992, at least 1,500 people have died
in Algerian violence.
Strength
Unknown
Location/Area of operation
Algeria
External Aid
Algerian expatriates, many of whom reside in Western Europe, probably
provide some financial support.  In addition, Algiers accuses Iran and Sudan
of supporting Algerian extremists and severed diplomatic relations with Iran
in March 1993.
14 December 1993
Algeria
A large group of armed terrorists attacked a work camp of a hydro-electric
project in Tamezguida.  Fourteen Croatian citizens were taken out of the camp.
Twelve were murdered by having their throats slit, but two others escaped with
injuries.  On 16 December the Armed Islamic Group claimed responsibility,
stating that the attack was part of an ongoing campaign to rid Algeria of all
foreigners and to avenge Muslims killed in Bosnia.
24 October 1993
Algeria
Three French diplomats were kidnapped as they left their apartment in Algiers.
A police officer who attempted to prevent the kidnapping was shot and killed.
On 26 October the Armed Islamic Group claimed responsibility for the incident.
The three diplomats were released unharmed on the night of 30 October.
19 October 1993
Algeria
Terrorists kidnapped a Peruvian, a Filipino, and a Colombian from the
cafeteria of an Italian construction firm in Tiaret.  The three were
technicians employed by the firm.  On 21 October the three were found dead
some fifty kilometers from the abduction site.  Their throats had been cut.
On 26 October, the extremist Armed Islamic Group claimed responsibility for
this and other attacks against foreigners.
Terror Groups 6
Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA)
title
Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA) aka:  The Orly
Group, 3rd October Organization
Description
Marxist-Leninist Armenian terrorist group formed in 1975 with stated
intention to compel the Turkish Government to acknowledge publicly its
alleged responsibility for the deaths of 1.5 million Armenians in 1915, pay
reparations, and cede territory for an Armenian homeland.  Led by Hagop
Hagopian until he was assassinated in Athens in April 1988.
Activities
Initial bombing and assassination attacks directed against Turkish targets.
Later attacked French and Swiss targets to force release of imprisoned
comrades.  Made several minor bombing attacks against US airline offices in
Western Europe in early 1980S.  Bombing of Turkish airline counter at Orly
Airport in Paris in 1983--eight killed and 55 wounded--led to split in group
over rationale for causing indiscriminate casualties.  Suffering from
internal schisms, group has been relatively inactive over past four years,
although recently claimed an unsuccessful attack on Turkish Ambassador to
Hungary.
Strength
A few hundred members and sympathizers.
Location/Area of Operation
Lebanon, Western Europe, Armenia, United States, and Middle East.
External Aid
Has received aid, including training and safehaven, from Syria.  May also
receive some aid from Libya.  Has extensive ties to radical Palestinian
groups, including the PFLP and PFLP-GC.
SELECTED INCIDENT CHRONOLOGY
JANUARY, 1975:
BOMBED THE BEIRUT HEADQAURTERS OF THE WORLD COUNCIL OF CHURCHES
BECAUSE OF ITS ROLE IN ASSISTING ARMENIANS TO EMIGRATE TO OTHER
COUNTRIES.
OCTOBER, 1975:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE MURDER OF THE TURKISH AMBASSADOR TO
AUSTRIA.  THE OPERATION WAS ALSO CLAIMED BY THE JUSTICE COMMANDOS
OF THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE (JCAG).
OCTOBER, 1975:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBLITY FOR THE MURDERS OF THE TURKISH AMBASSADOR TO
FRANCE AND HIS CHAUFFER, WHO WERE MACHINE-GUNNED TO DEATH WHILE
ENROUTE TO THE TURKISH EMBASSY.
FEBRUARY, 1976:
ASSASSINATED THE FIRST SECRETARY OF THE TURKSIH EMBASSY IN BEIRUT.
OCTOBER, 1976:
DETONATED TWO BOMBS IN ISTANBUL, KILLING ONE AND WOUNDING FOUR.
NOVEMBER, 1979:
BOMB THE TWA OFFICE IN MADRID.
DECEMBER, 1979:
BOMBED THE TURKISH AIRLINES OFFICE IN LONDON.  IN CLAIMING
RESPONSIBILITY, ASALA EXPRESSED SOLIDARITY WITH THE TERRORIST
MOVEMENTS IN NORTHERN IRELAND.
DECEMBER, 1979:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE MURDER OF THE TURKISH PRESS ATTACHE
IN PARIS.
MARCH, 1980:
BOMBED THE OFFICES HOUSING THE TURKISH AIRLINES AND THE TOURIST
BUREAU IN ROME, KILLING TWO PERSONS.
JUNE, 1980:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE MURDER OF A TURKISH CONSULAR
EMPLOYEE IN GENEVA.
OCTOBER, 1980:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE BOMBING OF THE ALITALIA OFFICE IN
MADRID.
OCTOBER, 1980:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE BOMBING OF THE TURKISH AIRLINES
OFFICE IN LONDON.
NOVEMBER, 1980:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE BOMBING OF THE SWISSAIR OFFICE IN
MADRID.
JANUARY, 1981:
BOMBED THE SWISSAIR OFFICE AND THE SWISS CONSULATE IN MILAN IN
RETALIATION FOR THE ARREST OF TWO ARMENIAN MILITANTS IN GENEVA.
MARCH, 1981:
ASSASSINATED THE TURKISH LABOR ATTACHE AND CONSUL FOR RELIGIOUS
AFFAIRS IN PARIS.
SEPTEMBER, 1981:
STORMED THE TURKISH CONSULATE IN PARIS, KILLING A GUARD AND
SERIOUSLY WOUNDING A VICE-CONSUL.  THE TERRORISTS HELD 51 PERSONS
HOSTAGE FOR FIFTEEN HOURS BEFORE SURRENDERING.
JUNE, 1982:
ATTEMPTED TO BOMB THE AIR CANADA FREIGHT OFFICE AT LOS ANGELES
INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT.  POLICE DISARMED THE DEVICE FIFTEEN
MINUTES BEFORE IT WAS SET TO DETONATE.
AUGUST, 1982:
ATTACKED ISTANBUL'S ESENBOGA AIRPORT, KILLING SEVEN AND WOUNDING
SEVENTY TWO.
JUNE, 1983:
CARRIED OUT A GRENADE AND MACHINE GUN ATTACK ON THE ISTANBUL
BAZAAR, KILLING TWO.
JULY, 1983:
BOMBED THE TURKISH AIRLINES COUNTER AT ORLY, PARIS, KILLING SEVEN.
MARCH, 1984:
WOUNDED THE FIRST SECRETARY AND THE DEPUTY MILITARY ATTACHE OF
THE TURKISH EMBASSY IN TEHRAN.
JANUARY-MAY, 1986:
STAGED FIVE INCIDENTS IN LEBANON, RESULTING IN ONE KIDNAPPING, NINE
DEATHS, TWO INJURIES, AND PROPERTY DAMAGE RESULTING FROM BOMBINGS
AGAINST "DASHNAG" (RIGHT WING) ARMENIAN POLITICAL PARTY MEMBERS.
ASALA CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY OR WAS SUSPECTED IN ALL OF THE
OPERATIONS.
SEPTEMBER, 1986:
SUSPECTED OF INVOLVEMENT IN THE PARIS BOMBING CAMPAIGN.
OCTOBER, 1987:
IN EAST BEIRUT, LEBANON, GUNMEN ATTACKED THREE MEMBERS OF THE
FRENCH EMBASSY GUARD FORCE, KILLING TWO AND WOUNDING ONE. ASALA
CLAIMED THE ATTACK WAS CARRIED OUT TO PRESSURE THE GOVERNMENT OF
FRANCE TO RELEASE ASALA PRISONERS HELD IN FRANCE.
APRIL, 1988:
ASALA LEADER HAGOP HAGOPIAN KILLED IN ATHENS.
DECEMBER, 1991:
A LONE GUNMAN OPEENED FIRE ON A LIMOSINE IN WHICH THE TURKISH
AMBASSADOR TO HUNGARY WAS RIDING.  THERE WERE NO INJURIES.  A
CALLER CLAIMING TO REPRESENT ASALA TOOK RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE
ATTACK.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE ABOVE INFORMATION WAS DERIVED FROM MULTIPLE STATE DEPARTMENT AND
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SOURCE DOCUMENTS.
Terror Groups 7
Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA)
title
+Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA)
Description
Founded in 1959 with the aim of creating an independent homeland in Spain's
Basque region.  Has muted commitment to Marxism.
Activities
Chiefly bombings and assassinations of Spanish Government targets,
especially security forces.  Since arrest of ETA members in France in March
1992, ETA also has attacked French interests.  Finances activities through
kidnappings, robberies, and extortion.
Strength
Unknown; may have hundreds of members, plus supporters.
Location/Area of operations
Operates primarily in the Basque autonomous regions of northern Spain and
southwest France but also has bombed Spanish interests in Italy and Germany
and French interests in Italy.
External Aid
Has received training at various times in Libya, Lebanon, and Nicaragua.
Also appears to have close ties to PIRA.
SELECTED INCIDENT CHRONOLOGY
DECEMBER, 1973:
ASSASSINATED SPANISH PRIME MINISTER LUIS CARRERO BLANCO, HIS
CHAUFFER, AND A SECURITY OFFICER WITH A REMOTE-CONTROLLED
EXPLOSIVE DEVICE.
SEPTEMBER, 1974:
BOMBED A CROWDED CAFE NEXT TO A SECURITY HEADQUARTERS IN MADRID.
THIRTEEN CIVILIANS WERE KILLED AND SEVENTY WERE WOUNDED.
OCTOBER, 1976:
ASSASSINATED A SENIOR ADVISER TO KING JUAN CARLOS, HIS DRIVER, AND
THREE SECURITY GUARDS.
MARCH, 1978:
DETONATED A POWERFUL BOMB AT THE BILBAO NUCLEAR POWERPLANT, KILLING
TWO AND WOUNDING FOURTEEN.
JUNE/JULY, 1979:
INITIATED A "TOURIST WAR" IN SPANISH SEASIDE RESORT AREAS.
FOURTEEN TIME BOMBS WERE DETONATED, INJURING TWO AND CAUSING
EXTENSIVE PROPERTY DAMAGE.
NOVEMBER, 1979:
KIDNAPPED A MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT IN MADRID.  THE VICTIM WAS
RELEASED AFTER THE GOVERNMENT AGREED TO REVIEW AND EXPEDITE CASES
AGAINST BASQUE PRISONERS AND TO INVESTIGATE ALLEGATIONS OF
TORTURE.
FEBRUARY, 1980:
FIRED AN ANTI-TANK ROCKET AT THE PRIME MINISTER'S RESIDENCE IN
MADRID.  THE ROCKET MISSED THE BUILDING.  THERE WERE NO INJURIES.
JANUARY, 1981:
KIDNAPPED ONE OF THE WEALTHIEST MEN IN SPAIN, RELEASING HIM AFTER
58 DAYS AND PAYMENT OF A RANSOM REPORTED AT $3.29 MILLION.
JANUARY, 1982:
KIDNAPPED A LEADING INDUSTRIALIST AND HELD HIM FOR A MONTH BEFORE
RECEIVING A REPORTED RANSOM PAYMENT OF $1.3 MILLION.
OCTOBER, 1982:
DETONATED NEARLY TWO DOZEN BOMBS AT SEVERAL BANKS IN THE
BASQUE PROVINCES.
FEBRUARY, 1983:
KILLED THREE AND WOUNDED NINE IN THE BOMBING OF A BILBAO BANK THAT
HAD REFUSED TO PAY "REVOLUTIONARY TAXES."
APRIL, 1984:
KILLED A RETIRED POLICE OFFICER IN PAMPLONA.  A BOOBYTRAP IN THE
GETAWAY CAR DETONATED WHILE IT WAS BEING EXAMINED, KILLING TWO
POLICE OFFICERS.
DECEMBER, 1984:
BOMBED SECTIONS OF THE ROTA-ZARAGOZA MILITARY PETROLEUM PIPELINE.
CLAIMED THE ACT WAS AGAINST THE SPANISH MILITARY.
JULY, 1985:
SHOT AND KILLED SPAIN'S DIRECTOR OF DEFENSE POLICY, SERIOUSLY
WOUNDING HIS CHAUFFER - IN MADRID.
SEPTEMBER, 1985:
DETONATED A CAR BOMB BY REMOTE CONTROL IN MADRID, INJURING TEN
MEMBERS OF THE CIVIL GUARD.  AN AMERICAN BYSTANDER WAS KILLED.
FEBRUARY, 1986:
MURDERED VICE ADMIRAL CRISTOBOL COLON AND HIS CHAUFFER IN MADRID
IN A MACHINE GUN AND GRENADE ATTACK.
JULY, 1986:
REMOTE CONTROLLED DETONATION OF A DEVICE HIDDEN IN A PARKED VAN
IN MADRID.  THE 100 POUND DEVICE DETONATED AS A BUS CARRYING CIVIL
GUARD CADETS WAS PASSING.  TEN CADETS WERE KILLED AND SEVERAL
DOZEN WERE INJURED.
JULY, 1986:
DETONATED A BOMB IN MADRID, KILLING NINE PEOPLE.
JULY, 1986:
FIRED A DOZEN ANTI-TANK ROCKETS BY REMOTE CONTROL FROM A HOME MADE
LAUNCHER AT THE MINISTRY OF DEFENSE IN MADRID, INJURING TWO
MILITARY OFFICERS.  AFTER THE ATTACK, THE CAR TO WHICH THE LAUNCHER
WAS ATTACHED EXPLODED, INJURING TEN.
OCTOBER, 1986:
MURDERED THE GOVERNOR OF GUIPUZCOA PROVINCE BY DETONATING AN
EXPLOSIVE DEVICE THAT HAD BEEN PLACED ON THE ROOF OF THE VICTIM'S
CAR.  THE VICTIM'S WIFE AND CHILDREN WERE ALSO KILLED.
DECEMBER, 1986:
KIDNAPPED A SPANISH BUSINESSMAN AND HELD HIM FOR 69 DAYS BEFORE
RECEIVING A REPORTED RANSOM PAYMENT OF $1.5 MILLION.
JANUARY, 1987:
DETONATED A CAR BOMB, DESTROYING A PASSING MILITARY BUS IN
ZARAGOZA, KILLING AN ARMY OFFICER AND THE CIVILIAN DRIVER OF THE
BUS.  FORTY PERSONS WERE WOUNDED.
JANUARY/FEBRUARY, 1987:
PERPETRATED A SERIES OF ARSON AND BOMBING ATTACKS AGAINST FRENCH
INTERESTS IN MONDRAGON, BILBAO, AND LASARTE.  BELIEVED TO BE
IN PROTEST OF FRANCE'S DEPORTATION OF BASQUE GUERRILLAS TO SPAIN.
MARCH, 1987:
STAGED A SUBMACHINE GUN ATTACK IN VITORIA, SERIOUSLY WOUNDING AN
ARMY OFFICER.
MARCH, 1987:
DETONATED AN EXPLOSIVE DEVICE AT THE ENTRANCE TO THE BARCELONA
PORT.  ONE CIVIL GUARDSMAN WAS KILLED AND FIFTEEN PERSONS WERE
INJURED.
MARCH/APRIL, 1987:
CONTINUED ARSON AND BOMBING ATTACKS AIMED MAINLY AT FRENCH TARGETS.
APRIL, 1987:
DETONATED A CAR BOMB NEAR A BARCELONA CIVIL GUARD BARRACKS, KILLING
ONE AND INJURING SEVEN.
MAY, 1987:
DETONATED THREE CAR BOMBS NEAR THE MADRID HEADQUARTERS OF THE
SPANISH NAVY, AIR FORCE, AND CIVIL GUARD, KILLING ONE AND
INJURING NINE.
JUNE, 1987:
IN SAN SEBASTIAN, DETONATED A CAR BOMB AS TWO POLICE VANS PASSED,
INJURING SIX.
JUNE, 1987:
DETONATED TWO EXPLOSIVE DEVICES AT A STATE-OWNED PETRO-CHEMICAL
PLANT.  DAMAGE ESTIMATES VARIED BETWEEN $8 TO $16 MILLION.
JUNE, 1987:
DETONATED A CAR BOMB IN A PARKING GARAGE UNDER A SUPERMARKET IN
BARCELONA, KILLING TWENTY ONE AND INJURING MANY OTHERS.
AUGUST, 1987:
DETONATED AN EXPLOSIVE DEVICE IN VITORIA AS A NATIONAL POLICE
VEHICLE PASSED; TWO PERSONS WERE KILLED AND ONE WAS INJURED.
AUGUST, 1987:
DETONATED A CAR BOMB IN EIBAR, INJURING THIRTEEN.
SEPTEMBER, 1987:
DETONATED A CAR BOMB IN SAN SEBASTIAN AS TWO NATIONAL POLICE VANS
PASSED.  ONE POLICE OFFICER WAS KILLED AND SIX PEOPLE WERE HURT.
DECEMBER, 1987:
DETONATED A CAR BOMB IN FRONT OF A SPANISH CIVIL GUARD APARTMENT
COMPLEX, KILLING ELEVEN AND INJURING FORTY.
APRIL, 1989:
DETONATED AN EXPLOSIVE DEVICE ON A SECONDARY RAILROAD LINE
FIFTY MILES SOUTH OF MADRID, CAUSING MINOR DAMAGE AND NO
INJURIES.
JULY, 1989:
MURDERED TWO ARMY OFFICERS IN MADRID.
SEPTEMBER, 1989:
MURDERED A GOVERNMENT PROSECUTER IN MADRID.
SEPTEMBER, 1989:
POSTMAN KILLED BY A PARCEL BOMB.
JANUARY, 1990:
A FRENCH AUTO DEALERSHIP IN THE BASQUE PROVINCE OF ALAVA IS BOMBED.
JANUARY, 1990:
A NATIONAL POLICEMAN WAS KILLED BY A BOMB PLACED NEXT TO HIS
PERSONAL AUTO.
FEBRUARY, 1990:
AT LEAST THREE LETTER/PARCEL BOMBS WERE SENT BY ETA. ONE SERIOUSLY
INJURED THE SENIOR JUDGE OF THE NATIONAL HIGH COURT OF SPAIN, ONE
INJURED TWO POSTAL WORKERS, AND A THIRD WAS DISARMED.
APRIL, 1990:
A MEMBER OF THE CIVIL GUARD WAS SHOT DEAD AS HE RETURNED TO HIS
HOME FROM WORK.
APRIL, 1990:
ETA PUBLISHED A COMMUNIQUE IN THE BASQUE LANGUAGE NEWSPAPER
"EGIN" STATING THAT IT WOULD ENGAGE IN ATTACKS ON THE SEVILLE
WORLD'S FAIR - EXPO 92.
JUNE, 1990:
A RETIRED SPANISH ARMY COLONEL WAS SHOT DEAD IN SAN SEBASTIAN.
JUNE, 1990:
A MAN WAS SHOT DEAD IN A CAFE IN A SUBURB OF THE BASQUE CITY OF
BILBAO.  ETA CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ATTACK, APOLOGIZING
TO THE VICTIM'S FAMILY FOR HAVING MURDERED THE WRONG PERSON.
JUNE, 1990:
A FRENCH AUTO DEALERSHIP IN THE BASQUE PROVINCE OF VIZCAYA WAS
BOMBED.
JUNE, 1990:
AN OFFICE BUILDING IN AMSTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS, WAS BOMBED BY
ETA.  THE BUILDING HOUSED THE OFFICES OF IBERIAN AIR, THE SPANISH
NATIONAL CARRIER.
JULY, 1990:
A SPANISH BANK IN AMSTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS, WAS BOMBED BY ETA.
A DUTCH NEWSPAPER PUBLISHED AN INTERVIEW WITH A BASQUE ACTIVIST
WHO CLAIMED THAT ETA BOMBINGS IN HOLLAND WERE INTENDED AS "LESSONS"
TO THE DUTCH GOVERNMENT FOR ITS COOPERATION WITH THE GOVERNMENT OF
SPAIN.
AUGUST, 1990:
A SERIES OF BOMBING ATTACKS AGAINST RAIL LINES THROUGHOUT SPAIN
TOOK PLACE.
SEPTEMBER, 1990:
A CAR BOMB DETONATED AT A CIVIL GUARD FACILITY IN BILBAO.  A
CIVIL GUARDSMAN AND A CIVILIAN WERE KILLED.  TWO GUARDSMEN WERE
INJURED.
SEPTEMBER, 1990:
A CAR BOMB DETONATED IN THE CITY OF CARTAGENA OUTSIDE THE LIVING
QUARTERS OF 400 CIVIL GUARD PERSONNEL AND THEIR FAMILIES.
SEVENTEEN PERSONS WERE INJURED.
NOVEMBER, 1990:
TWO POLICEMEN WERE KILLED AND TWO WERE SERIOUSLY INJURED WHEN A
TRUCK BOMB DETONATED AS THE VICTIMS' VEHICLE PASSED IN A BILBAO
SUBURB.
FEBRUARY, 1991:
ETA WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE BOMBING OF A SPANISH NAVY PATROL BOAT
IN THE PORT OF FUENTTERRABIA.
MARCH, 1991:
ETA CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE MURDER OF A SPANISH CONSTRUCTION
COMPANY EXECUTIVE IN VALENCIA.
APRIL, 1991:
A SPANISH POLICE OFFICER WAS KILLED, AND HIS WIFE WAS SERIOUSLY
INJURED WHEN A CAR BOMB DETONATED UNDER THEIR AUTOMOBILE.  TWO
BYSTANDERS WERE ALSO INJURED IN THE BOMBING WHICH OCCURED IN
A SUBURB OF BILBAO.
APRIL, 1991:
A SEVENTEEN YEAR OLD DAUGHTER OF A NATIONAL POLICE OFFICER WAS
KILLED IN SAN SEBASTIAN BY A BOMB THAT HAD BEEN PLACED UNDER HER
FATHER'S CAR.  THE BLAST INJURED THE FATHER AND THREE OTHER
CHILDREN.  ETA CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY.
MAY, 1991:
NINE PEOPLE WERE KILLED AND APPROXIMATELY 50 INJURED IN A TOWN NEAR
BARCELONA WHEN A CAR BOMB DETONATED.  FOUR OF THE DEAD WERE
CHILDREN.
JUNE, 1991:
A SPANISH AIR FORCE OFFICER WAS KILLED, AND FOUR CHILDRED WERE
INJURED WHEN A BOMB PLANTED UNDER THE OFFICER'S CAR DETONATED.
JUNE, 1991:
A PRISON OFFICER, TWO INMATES, AND A VISITING FAMILY MEMBER WERE
KILLED AND MORE THAN TWENTY PERSONS WERE INJURED WHEN A PARCEL BOMB
DETONATED IN A PRISON'S ENTRY CONTROL ROOM.
JULY, 1991:
ETA ISSUED A WARNING TO FRENCH TRAVEL AGENCIES STATING THAT TOURISM
WOULD BE CONSIDERED A LEGITIMATE "MILITARY" TARGET BY ETA.
JULY, 1991:
A SPANISH TOUR BUS WAS FIREBOMBED IN ROME.
AUGUST, 1991:
ETA BOMBED RAIL LINES AT SEVERAL LOCATIONS THROUGHOUT SPAIN.
AUGUST, 1991:
TWO BOMBS WERE PLANTED OUTSIDE SPANISH TRAVEL AGENCIES IN ROME.
BOTH BOMBS WERE DISARMED BY THE POLICE.
OCTOBER, 1991:
TWO MEMBERS OF THE SPANISH CIVIL GUARD WERE SHOT DEAD IN THE
CITY OF SAN SEBASTIAN.
NOVEMBER, 1991:
A BOMB PLANTED IN THE CAR OF A CIVIL GUARDSMAN IN BILBAO KILLED THE
TWO YEAR OLD SON OF THE INTENDED VICTIM.  THE CIVIL GUARDSMAN AND
ANOTHER CHILD WERE INJURED IN THE ATTACK.
DECEMBER, 1991:
TWO PLAINCLOTHES SPANISH POLICE OFFICERS WERE SHOT DEAD IN
BARCELONA.
DECEMBER, 1991:
THE ETA BOMBED THE LEADING LUXURY HOTEL IN THE SOUTHERN CITY
OF SEVILLE, THE SITE OF EXPO 92.
JANUARY, 1992:
A SPANISH AIR FORCE MAJOR WAS SHOT DEAD IN AN AMBUSH IN BARCELONA.
JANUARY, 1992:
A FORMER SENATOR AND SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE BASQUE AUTONOMOUS
REGIONS WAS ASSASSINATED NEAR THE UNIVERSITY OF VALENCIA.
JANUARY, 1992:
TWO MEMBERS OF A SPANISH MILITARY BAND WERE SHOT DEAD IN
THE CENTER OF BARCELONA.
FEBRUARY, 1992:
FIVE PEOPLE WERE KILLED AND AT LEAST SIX WERE INJURED WHEN A BOMB
DESTROYED A POLICE VAN IN CENTRAL MADRID.
MARCH, 1992:
A RETIRED SPANISH ARMY COLONEL WAS KILLED BY A LETTER BOMB THAT HAD
BEEN SENT TO HIM IN MADRID.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE ABOVE INFORMATION WAS DERIVED FROM STATE DEPARTMENT, DEPARTMENT OF
DEFENSE, AND PUBLIC MEDIA SOURCE DOCUMENTS.
Terror Groups 8
Chukaku-Ha (Nucleus or Middle Core Faction)
title
Chukaku-Ha (Nucleus or Middle Core Faction)
Description
An ultraleftist/radical group with origins in the fragmentation of the
Japanese Communist Party in 1957. Largest domestic militant group; has
political arm plus small, covert action wing called Kansai Revolutionary
Army.  Funding derived from membership dues, sales of its newspapers, and
fundraising campaigns.
Activities
Participates in mass street demonstrations and commits sporadic attacks
using crude rockets and incendiary devices usually designed to cause
property damage rather than casualties.  Protests Japan's imperial system,
Western "imperialism," and events like the Gulf war and the expansion of
Tokyo's Narita airport.  Launched at least four rockets at the Us army base
at Zama, near Tokyo, at the start of the G-7 Summit in July 1993.
Strength
3,500.
Location/Area of operation
Japan.
External Aid
None known.
7 July 1993
Japan
Terrorists exploded a home-made bomb at the United Nations Technology Center
in Osaka, causing minor damage and no casualties.  On 9 July the Chukaku-Ha
terrorist group claimed responsibility.
SELECTED INCIDENT CHRONOLOGY
JUNE, 1979:
BURNED TWO VEHICLES AND CUT COMMUNICATIONS LINES TO TOKYO'S HANEDA
AIRPORT WHEN PRESIDENT CARTER ARRIVED.
SEPTEMBER, 1984:
ATTACKED THE LIBERAL DEMOCRATIC PARTY HEADQUARTERS WITH A TRUCK-
MOUNTED FLAME-THROWER AND DETONATED A TIME BOMB NEAR THE EMBASSY OF
ISRAEL.
APRIL, 1985:
USED A MORTAR-LIKE WEAPON IN SIMULTANEOUS ATTACKS ON NARITA AND
HAMEDA AIRPORTS.  THERE WERE NO CASUALTIES BUT MAJOR DAMAGE TO AT
LEAST ONE BUILDING.
NOVEMBER, 1985:
STORMED AND SET ABLAZE SEVERAL OF JAPAN'S LARGEST RAILWAY
STATIONS.
MARCH, 1986:
LAUNCHED PROJECTILES AT THE IMPERIAL PALACE.
MAY, 1986:
LAUNCHED PROJECTILES AT THE BUILDINGS HOUSING THE ECONOMIC (G-7)
SUMMIT MEETING.  THE IMPROVISED MISSILES FLEW APPROXIMATELY 3,500
METERS.
SEPTEMBER, 1986:
UNIDENTIFIED ATTACKERS, SUSPECTED OF BEING MEMBERS OF CHUKAKU-HA
BATTERED A RAILWAY TRADE UNION OFFICIAL TO DEATH AND SERIOUSLY
INJURED EIGHT OTHERS IN A SERIES OF ATTACKS IN THEIR HOMES.
OCTOBER, 1986:
POLICE ARRESTED SEVEN SUSPECTED MEMBERS OF THE GROUP AND DISCOVERED
A BOMB FACTORY IN NORTHERN JAPAN.
NOVEMBER, 1986:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR TWO TIMED INCENDIARY DEVICES THAT
EXPLODED AT THE RESIDENCE OF A FORMER EXECUTIVE OF THE AIRPORT
PUBLIC CORPORATION.
MARCH, 1987:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR A SERIES OF BOMBINGS INTENDED TO STOP
CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES INVOLVED WITH EXPANSION WORK AT NARITA.
JULY, 1987:
TARGETED VEHICLES INVOLVED IN CONSTRUCTION OF THE NEW KANSAI
INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT IN OSAKA, AND EXPANDING NARITA; USED TIMED
INCENDIARY DEVICES IN THIRTEEN DIFFERENT LOCATIONS OF THE SAME DAY.
AUGUST, 1987:
LAUNCHED FOUR INCENDIARY DEVICES FROM THE BED OF A STOLEN TRUCK IN
THE DIRECTION OF THE IMPERIAL PALACE.
JANUARY, 1988:
FIRED FIVE ROCKET BOMBS TOWARD THE NEW TOKYO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
AT NARITA.  THE ROCKETS WERE LAUNCHED FROM A TRUCK PARKED ON AN
EMPTY LOT.  NO DAMAGE OR INJURIES WERE REPORTED.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE ABOVE INFORMATION WAS DERIVED FROM MULTIPLE STATE DEPARTMENT, DEPARTMENT
OF DEFENSE AND PUBLIC MEDIA SOURCE DOCUMENTS.
Terror Groups 9
Commission (CNPZ)
title
Commission (CNPZ)
Description
ELN claims to be resuscitation of group established by Che Guevara in 1960S.
Includes numerous small factions of indigenous subversive groups, including
CNPZ, which is largely inactive today.
Activities
ELN and CNPZ have attacked US interests in past years but focused almost
exclusively on Bolivian domestic targets in 1993.
Strength
Unknown; probably fewer than 100.
Location/Area of Operation
Bolivia.
External Aid
None.
Terror Groups 10
Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP)
title
Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP)
Description
Marxist group that split from the PFLP in 1969.  Believes Palestinian
national goals can be achieved only through revolution of the masses.
Opposes the Declaration of Principles (DOP) signed in 1993.  In early 1980s,
occupied political stance midway between Arafat and the rejectionists.
Split into two factions in 1991, one pro-Arafat and another more hardline
faction headed by Nayif Hawatmah (which has suspended participation in the
PLO).
Activities
In the 1970s, carried out numerous small bombings and minor assaults and
some more spectacular operations in Israel and the occupied territories,
concentrating on Israeli targets such as the 1974 massacre in Malalot in
which 27 Israelis were killed and more than 100 wounded.  Involved only in
border raids since 1988.
Strength
Estimated at 500 (total for both factions).
Location/Area of Operation
Syria, Lebanon, and the Israeli occupied territories; attacks have taken
place entirely in Israel and the occupied territories.
External Aid
Receives financial and military aid from Syria and Libya.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECTED INCIDENT CHRONOLOGY
MAY, 1974:
TOOK OVER A SCHOOLHOUSE  AND MASSACRED ISRAELI HOSTAGES AFTER
INFILTRATING USING UNIFORMS RESEMBLING THOSE OF THE ISRAEL DEFENSE
FORCES (IDF).  MURDERED 27 AND WOUNDED 124.
NOVEMBER, 1974:
ATTACKED THE TOWN OF BET SHE'AN IN ISRAEL.  THREE TERRORISTS
BARRICADED THEMSELVES IN A BUILDING CARRYING HAND GRENADES AND
KALASHNIKOVS (AK-47).  THEY HAD DEMANDED THE RELEASE OF 15
PALESTINIANS.
JULY, 1977:
IMPLICATED IN SEVERAL TEL AVIV AND JERUSALEM BOMBINGS.
JANUARY, 1979:
ATTEMPTED TO SEIZE 230 CIVILIANS AS HOSTAGES IN A GUEST HOUSE IN
MA'ALOT.  THREE TERRORISTS, ARMED WITH KALASHNIKOVS AND GRENADES,
WERE KILLED BU ISRAELI DEFENSE FORCES (IDF).
MARCH, 1979:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR PLANTING BOMBS IN ISRAELI BUSES TO
PROTEST PRESIDENT CARTER'S VISIT TO ISRAEL.
MARCH, 1982:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR A GRENADE ATTACK IN THE GAZA STRIP THAT
KILLED AN ISRAELI SOLDIER AND WOUNDED THREE OTHERS.
FEBRUARY, 1984:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR A GRENADE EXPLOSION IN JERUSALEM WHICH
WOUNDED TWENTY ONE PERSONS.
SEPTEMBER, 1985:
ATTACKED AN ISRAELI BUS NEAR HEBRON.
MARCH, 1986:
SEVERAL DFLP GUERRILLAS, WEARING IDF UNIFORMS, ATTEMPTED TO
INFILTRATE FROM LEBANON INTO ISRAEL, BUT WERE INTERCEPTED BY THE
MAY, 1988:
THREW MOLOTOV COCKTAILS AT TRADE AND INDUSTRY MINISTER ARIEL
SHARON'S CAR.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE ABOVE INFORMATION WAS DERIVED FROM MULTIPLE STATE DEPARTMENT AND
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SOURCE DOCUMENTS
Terror Groups 11
Devrimci Sol (Revolutionary Left)
title
Devrimci Sol (Revolutionary Left)
aka:  Dev Sol
Description
Formed in 1978 as a splinter faction of the Turkish People's Liberation
Party/Front.  Espouses a Marxist ideology, intensely xenophobic, and
virulently anti-US and anti-NATO; seeks to unify the proletariat to stage a
national revolution.  Finances its activities chiefly through armed
robberies and extortion.
Activities
Since late 1980s has concentrated attacks against current and retired
Turkish security and military officials.  Began new campaign against foreign
interests in 1990.  Protesting Gulf war, claimed assassination of two US
military contractors, attempted assassination of a US Air Force officer.
Launched rockets at US Consulate in Istanbul in April and July 1992.
Terrorist activities in 1993 were less ambitious as Dev Sol worked to
recover from internal factionalism and police raids that netted several
operatives and large weapons caches.
Strength
Several hundred members, several dozen armed militants.
Location/Area of Operation
Carries out attacks in Turkey--primarily in Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, and
Adana.  Conducts fundraising operations in Western Europe.
External Aid
Possible training support from radical Palestinians.
2 February 1995:
TUNCELI, Turkey 13 soldiers ambushed on the way to a staged meeting with PKK.
9 September 1993
Chile
Terrorists placed small bombs at two McDonalds outlets and a Kentucky Fried
Chicken outlet in the Santiago area.  The two bombs in the McDonalds outlets
exploded, causing some damage but no casualties.  The bomb in the Kentucky
Fried Chicken outlet was found and deactivated.  In all three instances, a
male claiming to be a member of the Movement of the Revolutionary Left (MIR)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECTED RECENT INCIDENT CHRONOLOGY
NOVEMBER, 1988:
SIX BANKS IN ISTANBUL WERE TARGETS OF MOLOTOV COCKTAILS AND/OR
SUSPECTED ARSON ATTACKS DURING ONE EVENING.  THERE WERE NO
INJURIES REPORTED.
JUNE, 1990:
A FORMER MILITARY OFFICER WAS SHOT TO DEATH IN HIS ISTANBUL OFFICE.
NOVEMBER, 1990:
A PUBLIC PROSECUTOR ASSIGNED TO A PRISON IN ISTANBUL, WAS SHOT DEAD
WHILE HIS CAR WAS STOPPED IN TRAFFIC.
JANUARY, 1991:
A BOMB WAS THROWN AT A U.S. MILITARY FACILITY IN DOWNTOWN ISTANBUL.
JANUARY, 1991:
TWO PRIVATE AMERICAN ORGANIZATIONS - A PUBLISHING COMPANY AND A
MARITIME ORGANIZATION WERE BOMBED.  ONE EMPLOYEE OF THE MARITIME
ORGANIZATION WAS WOUNDED.
JANUARY, 1991:
THE U.S. CONSULATE AND THE TURKISH-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION WERE
BOMBED ON THE SAME DAY.
JANUARY, 1991:
A RETIRED TURKISH ARMY GENERAL, WHO WAS A SENIOR SECURITY ADVISOR
TO THE PRIME MINISTER, WAS SHOT DEAD NEAR HIS HOME IN ANKARA.
FEBRUARY, 1991:
AN AMERICAN EMPLOYEE OF AN AMERICAN FIRM WAS ASSASSINATED IN FRONT
OF HIS APARTMENT IN ADANA.
FEBRUARY, 1991:
A U.S. AIR FORCE OFFICER WAS SHOT AND WOUNDED IN AN ASSASSINATION
ATTEMPT AS HE ENTERED HIS APARTMENT IN IZMIR.
MARCH, 1991:
THE AMERICAN OFFICE MANAGER OF A U.S. FIRM WAS ASSASSINATED IN HIS
ISTANBUL OFFICE BY THREE MEN POSING AS POLICE OFFICERS.
APRIL, 1991:
A RETIRED TURKISH ARMY GENERAL WAS ASSASSINATED IN HIS ISTANBUL
HOME.  THREE MEN, ONE DISGUISED AS AN ARMY LIEUTENANT, ENTERED THE
VICTIM'S HOME, TIED UP THE VICTIM AND HIS WIFE, AND THEN SHOT THE
GENERAL.
APRIL, 1991:
A MANIFESTO, REPORTEDLY ISSUED BY DEV SOL, STATED THAT DEV SOL
WOULD "ACT AGAINST" TURKS WORKING FOR U.S. FIRMS AS IF THEY WERE
AMERICANS.  THE DOCUMENT WARNED THAT ANYONE ACCEPTING EMPLOYMENT
WITH A U.S. FIRM RISKED BEING KILLED.
APRIL, 1991:
A POLICE STATION IN IZMIR WAS BOMBED.
JUNE, 1991:
ONE PERSON WAS KILLED AND FOUR WERE WOUNDED IN A SERIES OF
BOMBINGS IN ISTANBUL, ALL OF WHICH OCCURRED ON THE SAME DAY (6/13)
AT APPROXIMATELY THE SAME TIME.
JULY, 1991:
FIVE TURKISH BANKS WERE BOMBED IN ISTANBUL ON THE NIGHT OF 7/18-19.
THE BOMBINGS WERE SAID TO BE A PROTEST TO THE VISIT TO TURKEY OF
U.S. PRESIDENT GEORGE BUSH.
JULY, 1991:
THREE TURKISH NATIONAL POLICE OFFICERS WERE KILLED IN ISTANBUL IN
TWO SEPARATE ATTACKS.  ONE OF THE VICTIMS WAS KILLED AS HE LEFT HIS
HOME FOR WORK.  THE OTHER TWO VICTIMS WERE SHOT DEAD AS THEY SAT IN
THEIR UNMARKED POLICE CAR.
AUGUST, 1991:
A BRITISH NATIONAL WAS MURDERED IN ISTANBUL.  THE VICTIM WAS
EMPLOYED BY A BRITISH-OWNED INSURANCE FIRM WHOSE ISTANBUL OFFICES
HAD BEEN BOMBED BY DEV SOL IN JANUARY, 1991.
OCTOBER, 1991:
IN TWO INCIDENTS OCCURRING ONLY HOURS APART FIVE POLICE OFFICERS
WERE KILLED AND TWO WERE WOUNDED IN SHOOTING ATTACKS IN ISTANBUL.
DECEMBER, 1991:
THE DEPUTY POLICE CHIEF OF ISTANBUL AND HIS DRIVER WERE SHOT DEAD
IN AN ATTACK ON THEIR VEHICLE IN ISTANBUL.
FEBRUARY, 1992:
FIVE GUNMEN AMBUSHED AND MURDERED THREE TURKISH POLICE OFFICERS
IN ISTANBUL'S RUSH HOUR TRAFFIC.
MARCH, 1992:
A SUSPECTED DEV SOL OPERATIVE WAS KILLED WHEN A BOMB HE WAS
CARRYING DETONATED PREMATURELY.  POLICE SPECULATED THAT HE WAS
ABOUT TO PLACE THE BOMB IN A MOSQUE IN THE NORTHERN TURKISH CITY
OF ZONGULDAK WHEN THE DEVICE EXPLODED.
MARCH, 1992:
DEV SOL CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR AN ATTACK ON A BUS IN ISTANBUL.
THE BUS WAS CARRYING TURKISH GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES.  TWO PEOPLE WERE
KILLED AND AT LEAST FIVE WERE INJURED.
APRIL, 1992:
A DEV SOL TEAM ATTACKED A POLICE BUS IN IZMIR, KILLING TWO AND
WOUNDING NINE PERSONS.
APRIL, 1992:
DEV SOL ISSUED A BULLETIN STATING THEIR MAIN TARGETS AS:
"...LOCAL AND FOREIGN REPRESENTATIVES WHO SERVE THE IMPERIALISTS
AND THEIR POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND MILITARY BASES...PROMINENT
BUSINESSMEN AND COMPANIES...OFFICERS AND NCOS OF THE TURKISH
MILITARY...THE TURKISH INTELLIGENCE SERVICE; TURKISH NATIONAL
POLICE...." ETC.
APRIL, 1992:
A ROCKET PROPELLED GRENADE (RPG) WAS FIRED AT A REAR WALL OF THE
COMPOUND HOUSING THE AMERICAN CONSULATE IN ISTANBUL.  THERE WERE NO
INJURIES.  DEV SOL CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY.
APRIL, 1992:
TWO POLICE OFFICERS WERE SHOT DEAD IN ISTANBUL AS THEY WAITED ON A
STREET CORNER FOR A RIDE.  DEV SOL CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY.
APRIL, 1992:
A POLICE OFFICER AND A CONSTRUCTION WORKER WERE SHOT DEAD AT A BUS
STOP IN ISTANBUL.  DEV SOL CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE ABOVE INFORMATION WAS DERIVED FROM MULTIPLE STATE DEPARTMENT AND PUBLIC
MEDIA SOURCE DOCUMENTS.
Terror Groups 12
Force 17
title
Force 17
Description
Formed in early 1970s as a personal security force for Arafat and other PLO
leaders.
Activities
According to press sources, in 1985 expanded operations to include terrorist
attacks against Israeli targets.  No confirmed terrorist activity outside
Israel and the occupied territories since September 1985, when it claimed
responsibility for killing three Israelis in Cyprus, an incident that was
followed by Israeli air raids on PLO bases in Tunisia.
Strength
Unknown.
Location/Area of Operation
Based in Beirut before 1982.  Since then, dispersed in several Arab
countries.  Now operating in Lebanon, other Middle Eastern countries, and
Europe.
External Aid
PLO is main source of support.
Terror Groups 13
GRAPO
title
GRAPO
10/28/92
GP00033
KEY WORDS:
OCTOBER 1ST ANTIFASCIST RESISTANCE GROUP; FIRST OF OCTOBER ANTIFASCIST
RESISTANCE GROUP; GRUPO DE RESISTENCIA ANTIFASCISTA, PRIMERO DE OCTUBRE-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
DESCRIPTION:
A SMALL, MAOIST URBAN TERRORIST GROUP THAT RECRUITED MEMBERS FROM THE
SPANISH COMMUNIST PARTY - RECONSTITUTED (PCE-R).  SEEKS TO REMOVE U.S.
MILITARY FORCES FROM SPAIN AND TO ESTABLISH A REVOLUTIONARY REGIME.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
ACTIVITIES:
CARRIED OUT SMALL-SCALE BOMBINGS ON U.S. AND NATO FACILITIES IN THE
EARLY 1980S.  SINCE THEN, SOME OF THE MEMBERS ARRESTED IN 1985 HAVE BEEN
RELEASED FROM PRISON AND HAVE RETURNED TO ACTION, INCLUDING KILLING A
SPANISH BUSINESSMAN IN 1988.  DURING 1990, GRAPO CARRIED OUT BOMBINGS IN
MADRID, BARCELONA, AND TARRAGONA.  IN MARCH, 1990 GRAPO MURDERED A PHYSICIAN
INVOLVED IN FORCE-FEEDING GRAPO PRISONERS WHO WERE WAGING A HUNGER STRIKE. IN
MARCH, 1992, FERNANDO SILVA, ONE OF THE LEADERS OF GRAPO, ESCAPED FROM HIS
SPANISH PRISON CELL.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
STRENGTH:
PROBABLY FEWER THAN A DOZEN ACTIVE OPERATIVES.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
EXTERNAL AID:
REPORTED TO HAVE HAD TIES TO ACTION DIRECTE IN FRANCE AND TO THE RED
BRIGADES IN ITALY.  GRAPO MAY ALSO HAVE TIES TO THE RED ARMY FACTION IN
GERMANY.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
DATE FORMED:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
POLITICAL OBJECTIVES/TARGET AUDIENCES:
* VIOLENTLY OVERTHROW THE SPANISH GOVERNMENT AND ESTABLISH A MAOIST
STATE;
* OPPOSE SPAIN'S PARTICIPATION IN NATO AND U.S. PRESENCE IN SPAIN.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
BACKGROUND:
GRAPO WAS ESTABLISHED AS THE "MILITARY" ARM OF THE OUTLAWED COMMUNIST
PARTY OF SPAIN - RECONSTITUTED (PCE-R), WHICH IS A SPLINTER GROUP OF THE
OFFICIAL AND RECOGNIZED COMMUNIST PARTY OF SPAIN (PCE).  AN URBAN-ORIENTED
GROUP, GRAPO HAS COMMITTED ASSASSINATIONS, BOMBINGS, AND KIDNAPPINGS AGAINST
SPANISH PERSONNEL AND FACILITIES.  ON OCCASION IT ALSO HAS ATTACKED U.S.
INTERESTS.  THE GROUP APPEARS TO HAVE PREFERRED AMBUSHES USING AUTOMATIC
WEAPONS.
LIKE THE ETA, THE OTHER MAJOR SPANISH TERRORIST GROUP, GRAPO HAS
FINANCED ITS OPERATIONS THROUGH KIDNAPS FOR RANSOM, BANK ROBBERIES, AND
EXTORTING "REVOLUTIONARY TAXES" FROM INDIVIDUALS AND BUSINESSES.  THESE
SOURCES OF FUNDS HAVE PROVEN ADEQUATE FOR FINANCING GRAPO'S RANGE OF
OPERATIONS AND FOR PROCURING WEAPONS AND EXPLOSIVES.
DIRECT TIES BETWEEN GRAPO AND FOREIGN TERRORIST GROUPS OR STATE
SPONSORS HAVE NOT BEEN DEFINITIVELY ESTABLISHED.  GRAPO, HOWEVER, HAS MADE
PUBLIC STATEMENTS IN SUPPORT OF A NUMBER OF OTHER TERRORIST GROUPS, INCLUDING
THE RED BRIGADES AND THE RED ARMY FACTION.
GRAPO'S STRUCTURE HAS BEEN BASED ON A CELLULAR CONCEPT FOR MAXIMUM
INTERNAL SECURITY.  THESE CELLS ARE PROBABLY QUITE SMALL IN VIEW OF THE
GROUP'S LIMITED NUMBERS.  GRAPO MEMBERS ARE EITHER "LEGAL COMMANDOS" OR
"LIBERATED COMMANDOS."  THE LEGAL COMMANDOS, UNKNOWN TO POLICE, LEAD
APPARENTLY NORMAL LIVES AND PERIODICALLY CARRY OUT TERRORIST ACTIONS.
THE LIBERATED COMMANDOS ARE FULL-TIME MEMBERS WHO ARE KNOWN TO THE
AUTHORITIES AND WHO LIVE UNDERGROUND.  SUCCESSFUL SPANISH POLICE OPERATIONS
IN RECENT YEARS HAVE LED TO THE ARREST OF THE MOST SIGNIFICANT GRAPO
MEMBERS.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECTED INCIDENT CHRONOLOGY
JANUARY, 1977:
KIDNAPPED THE PRESIDENT OF THE SUPREME MILITARY TRIBUNAL AND THE
FORMER ARMY CHIEF OF STAFF.  HE WAS RESCUED IN A POLICE RAID THE
FOLLOWING MONTH.
MAY, 1977:
BOMBED THE U.S. CULTURAL CENTER IN MADRID ON THE DAY THAT VICE
PRESIDENT WALTER MONDALE ARRIVED FOR AN OFFICIAL VISIT.
MARCH, 1978:
ASSASSINATED THE DIRECTOR OF PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN MADRID.
MARCH, 1979:
ASSASSINATED A SEMI-RETIRED SPANISH BRIGADIER GENERAL IN MADRID AND
CLAIMED THE ATTACK WAS IN PROTEST TO SPAIN'S PENDING ENTRY INTO
NATO.
MAY, 1979:
KILLED 8 AND WOUNDED 40 IN A BOMBING AT A MADRID CAFE FREQUENTED
BY RIGHTISTS.
SEPTEMBER, 1980:
KILLED A GENERAL AND WOUNDED HIS AIDE AND DRIVER IN A
MACHINEGUN ATTACK IN BARCELONA.
APRIL, 1982:
AMBUSHED TWO POLICE OFFICERS IN BARCELONA, KILLING ONE AND
WOUNDING THE OTHER
AUGUST, 1982:
BOMBED THE BANK OF AMERICA IN MADRID AND THE SEARS BUILDING IN
BARCELONA.
MAY, 1983:
SHOT AND KILLED A CIVIL GUARDSMAN IN A SCHOOLBUS IN LA CORUNA,
NORTHERN SPAIN.
JANUARY, 1984:
SHOT AND KILLED TWO POLICEMEN IN MADRID.
APRIL, 1984:
KIDNAPPED A BANK OFFICIAL AND RELEASED HIM AFTER A LARGE RANSOM WAS
REPORTEDLY PAID.
JULY, 1984:
ROBBED THE FRENCH BANK CREDIT LYONNAIS IN BARCELONA OF 300,000
PESETAS.  THE ROBBERS DETONATED A BOMB THAT
COMPLETELY DESTROYED THE BANK AND INJURED ONE PERSON.
JULY-AUGUST, 1984:
DETONATED A SERIES OF 15 BOMBS IN SEVERAL CITIES, CAUSING
EXTENSIVE PROPERTY DAMAGE TO A FRENCH BANK, A FRENCH CONSULATE, AND
THE GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY, AMONG OTHERS.  NO INJURIES WERE
SUSTAINED.
SEPTEMBER, 1984:
MURDERED THE PRESIDENT OF THE SEVILLE ASSOCIATION OF BUSINESSMEN.
SEPTEMBER, 1984:
IN MADRID, MURDERED THE DIRECTOR GENERAL OF A LARGE REAL ESTATE
COMPANY.
SEPTEMBER, 1984:
KIDNAPPED THE DIRECTOR GENERAL OF A COMPANY, WHO WAS FORCED TO
WRITE A BANK DRAFT FOR ABOUT $30,000.  A COMPANY EMPLOYEE WAS THEN
KIDNAPPED AND FORCED TO CASH THE DRAFT.  THE VICTIMS WERE THEN
RELEASED AND THE TERRORISTS ESCAPED.
JULY, 1987:
SHOT AND SEVERELY INJURED A POLICE OFFICER WHO WAS STANDING WATCH
IN FRONT OF A POLICE STATION.
MARCH, 1989:
TWO CIVIL GUARDS MEMBERS WERE SHOT TO DEATH IN THE COURSE OF A
BANK ROBBERY BY GRAPO MEMBERS.
DECEMBER, 1989:
TWO CIVIL GUARD MEMBERS WERE SHOT TO DEATH WHILE THEY WERE ON
GUARD AT A GOVERNMENT BUILDING IN GIJON.
MARCH, 1990:
GRAPO TERRORISTS SHOT AND KILLED A PHYSICIAN WHO WAS INVOLVED IN
THE FORCED FEEDING OF AN IMPRISONED GRAPO TERRORIST WHO WAS
ENGAGED IN A HUNGER STRIKE.
SEPTEMBER, 1990:
THREE BUILDINGS IN MADRID WERE BOMBED:  THE STOCK EXCHANGE, IN
WHICH SIX PERSONS WERE INJURED; THE MINISTRY OF ECONOMY AND
FINANCE; AND THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT BUILDING.
NOVEMBER, 1990:
GRAPO BOMBED TWO GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS IN BARCELONA AS POLICE AND
SECURITY OFFICIALS BEGAN A TWO DAY MEETING TO DISCUSS SECURITY FOR
THE BARCELONA OLYMPICS.
DECEMBER, 1990:
A GRAPO CAR BOMB KILLED SIX POLICE OFFICERS, AND WOUNDED TWO
OFFICERS AND EIGHT CIVILIANS IN THE CITY OF SABADELL, 18 MILES
NORTH OF BARCELONA.
NOVEMBER, 1991:
SPANISH SECURITY OFFICIALS ANNOUNCED THAT TWO GRAPO MEMBERS WHO
WERE ARRESTED IN MADRID HAD PLANNED TO CARRY OUT A BOMB ATTACK AT
THE SITE OF EXPO 92 IN SEVILLE.
FEBRUARY, 1992:
GRAPO CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR BOMBING A GAS PIPELINE WHICH RUNS
BETWEEN ZARAGOZA AND ROTA.  A PORTION OF THE ZARAGOZA-VALENCIA
HIGHWAY WAS FORCED TO CLOSE FOR SEVERAL HOURS, AND APPROXIMATELY
50,000 HOMES WERE TEMPORARILY WITHOUT GAS.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE ABOVE INFORMATION WAS DERIVED FROM MULTIPLE STATE DEPARTMENT, DEPARTMENT
OF DEFENSE, AND PUBLIC MEDIA SOURCE DOCUMENTS.
Terror Groups 14
Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity (URNG)
title
    Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity (URNG)
    Date Formed: 1982.
    Estimated Membership: An estimated 1,500 guerrillas from various
                          groups. The URNG is a loose coalition of three
                          of the major insurgent groups in Guatemala
                          that have used terrorist tactics - the
                          Revolutionary Organization of the People in
                          Arms (ORA), the Guerrilla Army of the Poor
                          (EGP), and the Rebel Armed Forces (FAR).
    Headquarters: Delegations in Mexico City, Havana, and Managua.
    Area of Operations: Rural Guatemala, with the OPR in the southwest,
                        the EGP mainly in the northwest highlands, and
                        the FAR in the extreme north in Peten Department.
    Leadership: Leaders of each group are believed to form the joint
                leadership of the URNG, including Rodrigo Asturias
                Amado ("Gaspar Ilom") of the ORPA, Jorge Soto Garcia
                ("Pablo Monsanto") of the FAR, and Ricardo Ramirez de
                Leon ("Rolando Moran") of the EGP.
    Other Names: Political arm is known as the Guatemalan Committee for
                 Patriotic Unity (CGUP). Sometimes claims operations in
                 the name of any of its individual component groups.
    Sponsors: Cuba.
Political Objectives/Target Audiences:
    * Unit the guerrillas and revolutionary front organizations into a
      broad coalition to achieve the  unity necessary to launch a
      "people's revolutionary war."
    * Defeat the "power of national and foreign wealth and install a
      patriotic, revolutionary, and democratic people's government."
Background
      In 1980, the three groups of the URNG signed a unity agreement that
    was a precondition for increased Cuban support. The URNG was formalized
    in Havana in February 1982. As a result, the Government of Guatemala
    launched a large counteroffensive in an attempt to eliminate the
    guerrillas' popular support base. By the end of that year, the
    guerrillas were on the defensive and decreased activity for the next
    two years. In February 1985, they announced "a new stage of military
    struggle" but showed no evidence of being able to expand their
    operations.
      Cooperation and coordination among the groups is incomplete and
    irregular. Nonetheless, the URNG stresses joint political-military
    operations and coordination among its member groups on matters
    pertaining to territorial responsibilities, tactics, strategy, and
    external support. Cooperation between groups seems to work best in rural
    areas, mainly among the ORPA and the FAR. Cuba has assisted the URNG by
    supplying various groups with Western-made weapons such as assault
    rifles, recoilless rifles, machineguns, grenade launchers, and mortars,
    as well as Chinese-made Type-56 RPG-2 rocket launchers.
      In the 1960s, Cuba provided a great deal of aid, including weapons,
    training, logistic, political, and propaganda support to the FAR, the
    first of the Guatemalan groups to be formed. Recent Cuban support is
    suspected to be limited to minor financial aid for black market arms
    purchases. Nicaragua is believed to provide some aid. URNG groups also
    have ties with various Latin American terrorist organizations and
    solidarity movements in Latin America, Canada, the United States, and
    Europe.
      All three member groups of the URNG are anti-U.S. and have taken
    part in operations such as assassinations of civilians and economic
    sabotage, though most of their activities have been directed at the
    Army. The FAR is the oldest and most established of the organizations
    and seems to recover rapidly from serious losses, though it has not
    been as severely threatened as have the ORPA and the EGP. When
    guerrilla activity is too difficult to undertake, the FAR seems
    the most willing to resort to terrorist operations to remind the
    country that it still exists. A separate list of the FAR's
    activities is provided below.
Selected Incident Chronology
    December 1983 - Hurled a fragmentation grenade at the Salvadoran
                    Embassy in Guatemala City, causing material damage
                    only.
    January 1984 - Attacked the official residence of junta leader General
                   Oscar Mejia Victores with machineguns and grenade
                   launchers.
    January 1985 - Occupied four towns in El Peten Department during a
                   3-day period and destroyed a Government vehicle
                   transporting road construction materials.
    October 1985 - Blew up a light aircraft when it tried to land on a
                   mined airstrip of the Panama Farm in Suchitepquez
                   Department, killing the Norwegian Consul in Guatemala.
FAR Attacks
    January 1968 - Machine-gunned and killed the head of the U.S. Military
                   Mission and the U.S. Naval Attache in Guatemala City.
                   Two other members of the U.S. Military Mission were
                   wounded in the attack.
    August 1968 - Assassinated U.S. Ambassador John Gordon Mein on a
                  Guatemala City street after he resisted an apparent
                  kidnaping attempt.
    March 1979 - Assassinated an industrialist/landowner in Guatemala City
                 who was the manager of two Us-owned enterprises in
                 Huehuetenango.
    February 1985  - Occupied seven villages and terrorized a U.S. oil
                     company camp in El Peten Department.
    July 1985 - Occupied the camp of a foreign oil company, two towns,
                and two highway sections. Clashed with Army troops in
                northern El Peten.
    February 1986 - Occupied the Hispanoil oil-drilling camp in El Peten
                    and carried out sabotage actions.
    March 1986 - Occupied the Chinaja oil well in Alta Verapaz Department
                 and carried out sabotage actions.
    May 1986 - Occupied several towns, sabotaged a pipeline, and attacked
               an Army company in El Peten.
    March 1991 - Admitted firing on the helicopter carrying
               Guatemala's new president, Jorge Serrano Elias, but claimed
               they thought the helicopter was carrying out rocket attacks
               against guerrilla columns.
Terror Groups 15
HAMAS (Islamic Resistance Movement)
title
HAMAS (Islamic Resistance Movement)
Description
HAMAS was formed in late 1987 as an outgrowth of the Palestinian branch of
the Muslim Brotherhood and has become Fatah's principal political rival in
the occupied territories.  Various elements of HA-KAS have used both
political and violent means, including terrorism, to pursue the goal of
establishing an Islamic Palestinian state in place of Israel.  HAMAS is
loosely structured, with some elements working openly through mosques and
social service institutions to recruit members, raise money, organize
activities, and distribute propaganda.  Militant elements of HAMAS,
operating clandestinely, have advocated and used violence to advance their
goals.  HAMAS's strength is concentrated in the Gaza Strip and a few areas
of the West Bank.  It has also engaged in peaceful political activity, such
as running candidates in West Bank chamber of commerce elections.
Activities
HAMAS activists--especially those in the Izz al-Din al-Qassam Forces--have
conducted many attacks against Israeli civilian and military targets,
suspected Palestinian collaborators, and Fatah rivals.
Strength
Unknown number of hardcore members; tens of thousands of supporters and
sympathizers.
Location/Area of Operations
Primarily the occupied territories, Israel, and Jordan.
External Aid
Receives funding from Palestinian expatriates, Iran, and private benefactors
in Saudi Arabia and other moderate Arab states.  Some fundraising and
propaganda activity take place in Western Europe and North America.
June 26 1995:
Suicide bomber detonated a cart wounding three Israeli soldiers. Ma'wya Roka
was said to be a member of HAMAS.
June 6, 1995:
45 activists of the militant Islamic group HAMAS arrested.
May 15, 1995:
Sayid Abu Musameh, a high-ranking Hamas official, was convicted and sentenced
for writing "seditious" newspaper articles.
March 1995:
Abd a-Samed Harizat, of HAMAS, died in detention at the hands Shin Bet.
1994:
More than 100 civilians died in Israel, the West Bank and Gaza last year due
to activities of HAMAS or PIJ (Palestinian Islamic Jihad).
Terror Groups 16
HAWARI GROUP
title
HAWARI GROUP
10/28/92
GP00036
KEY WORDS:
FATAH SPECIAL OPERATIONS GROUP; MARTYRS OF TAL AL ZA'ATAR; AMN ARAISSI
DESCRIPTION:
PART OF ARAFAT'S FATAH APPARATUS, THE GROUP IS NAMED AFTER ITS LEADER,
COMMONLY KNOWN AS COLONEL HAWARI, WHO DIED IN AN AUTOMOBILE CRASH IN MAY,
1991, WHILE TRAVELING FROM BAGHDAD TO JORDAN.  THE GROUP HAS TIES
HISTORICALLY TO IRAQ.  MEMBERSHIP INCLUDES FORMER MEMBERS OF THE RADICAL
PALESTINIAN 15 MAY ORGANIZATION.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
ACTIVITIES:
CARRIED OUT SEVERAL ATTACKS IN 1985 AND 1986, MAINLY IN EUROPE AND
USUALLY AGAINST SYRIAN TARGETS.  THE HAWARI GROUP HAS ALSO TARGETED
AMERICANS, MOST NOTABLY IN THE APRIL 1986 BOMBING OF TWA FLIGHT #840 OVER
GREECE IN WHICH FOUR AMERICANS WERE KILLED.  THE FUTURE OF THE GROUP IS
UNCERTAIN FOLLOWING HAWARI'S DEATH.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
STRENGTH:
UNKNOWN
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
EXTERNAL AID:
THE PLO IS THE MAIN SOURCE OF SUPPORT.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE ABOVE INFORMATION WAS DERIVED FROM STATE DEPARTMENT DOCUMENTATION.
Terror Groups 17
Hizballah (Party of God)
title
Hizballah (Party of God)
aka:  Islamic Jihad, Revolutionary Justice Organization, Organization of the
Oppressed on Earth, Islamic Jihad for the Liberation of Palestine
Description
Radical Shia group formed in Lebanon; dedicated to creation of Iranian-style
Islamic republic in Lebanon and removal of all non-Islamic influences from
area.  Strongly anti-West and antiIsrael.  Closely allied with, and often
directed by, Iran, but may have conducted rogue operations that were not
approved by Tehran.
Activities
Known or suspected to have been involved in numerous anti-US terrorist
attacks, including the suicide truck-bombing of the US Embassy and US Marine
barracks in Beirut in October 1983 and the US Embassy annex in Beirut in
September 1984.  Group also hijacked TWA 847 in 1985.  Elements of the group
were responsible for the kidnapping and detention of most, if not all, US
and other Western hostages in Lebanon.  Islamic Jihad publicly claimed
responsibility for the carbombing of Israel's Embassy in Buenos Aires in
March 1992.
Strength
Several thousand.
Location/Area of Operation
Operates in the Bekaa valley, the southern suburbs of Beirut, and southern
Lebanon: has established cells in Europe, Africa, South America, North
America, and elsewhere.
External Aid
Receives substantial amounts of financial, training, weapons, explosives,
political, diplomatic, and organizational aid from Iran.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECTED INCIDENT CHRONOLOGY
APRIL,1983:
COMMITTED SUICIDE CAR BOMB ATTACK ON THE U.S. EMBASSY IN BEIRUT,
KILLING FORTY NINE AND WOUNDING 120.  ISLAMIC JIHAD CLAIMED
RESPONSIBILITY.
OCTOBER, 1983:
SUICIDE DRIVERS DROVE TWO TRUCKS CARRYING HIGH EXPLOSIVES INTO THE
U.S. MARINE AND FRENCH MILITARY BARRACKS IN BEIRUT, KILLING 241
U.S. AND 56 FRENCH.  ISLAMIC JIHAD CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY.
NOVEMBER, 1983:
A HIZBALLAH OPERATIVE DROVE A CAR BOMB INTO THE ISRAELI
HEADQUARTERS IN TYRE, CAUSING NUMEROUS CASUALTIES.
DECEMBER, 1983:
STAGED A SERIES OF CAR BOMB ATTACKS AGAINST THE U.S. AND FRENCH
EMBASSIES IN KUWAIT.
JANUARY, 1984:
MURDERED AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF BEIRUT PRESIDENT MALCOLM KERR, A
U.S. CITIZEN.  ISLAMIC JIHAD CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY.
JANUARY, 1984:
KIDNAPPED A SAUDI DIPLOMAT; RELEASED MAY, 1985.
FEBRUARY, 1984:
BELIEVED RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ASSASSINATION OF FORMER IRANIAN
GENERAL GHOLAM REZA OVEISI (MARTIAL LAW ADMINISTRATOR FOR TEHRAN
UNDER THE SHAH) AND HIS BROTHER IN PARIS.
FEBRUARY, 1984:
KIDNAPPED U.S. PROFESSOR FRANK REIGER; RESCUED APRIL 1984.
MARCH, 1984:
KIDNAPPED U.S. JOURNALIST JEREMY LEVIN; ESCAPED FEBRUARY 1985.
MARCH, 1984:
KIDNAPPED WILLIAM BUCKLEY, U.S. DIPLOMAT STATIONED IN BEIRUT.  HE
WAS REPORTED KILLED IN 1985.  ISLAMIC JIHAD CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY.
BUCKLEY'S REMAINS WERE RETURNED TO THE U.S. EMBASSY IN 12/91.
MAY, 1984:
KIDNAPPED REVEREND BENJAMIN WEIR, A U.S. CITIZEN; RELEASED IN
SEPTEMBER, 1985.
SEPTEMBER, 1984:
COMMITTED SUICIDE TRUCK BOMBING OF THE U.S. EMBASSY ANNEX IN EAST
BEIRUT.  TWENTY THREE PERSONS, INCLUDING TWO AMERICANS, WERE
KILLED.  ISLAMIC JIHAD CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY.
DECEMBER, 1984:
HIJACKED KUWAIT AIR FLIGHT #221 TO TEHRAN.  MURDERED TWO OFFICIALS
OF THE U.S. AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT.
JANUARY, 1985:
KIDNAPPED FATHER LAWRENCE JENCO, U.S. CITIZEN; RELEASED IN JULY
1986.  ISLAMIC JIHAD CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY.
MARCH, 1985:
KIDNAPPED GEOFFREY NASH, UK CITIZEN; RELEASED SHORTLY THEREAFTER.
MARCH, 1985:
KIDNAPPED BRIAN LEVICK, UK CITIZEN, RELEASED SHORTLY THEREAFTER.
MARCH, 1985:
KIDNAPPED AP JOURNALIST TERRY ANDERSON, U.S. CITIZEN.  RELEASED IN
DECEMBER, 1991.
MAY, 1985:
KIDNAPPED TWO FRENCH CITIZENS; ONE WAS KILLED IN MARCH, 1986 AND
THE OTHER WAS SUBSEQUENTLY RELEASED.
MAY, 1985:
KIDNAPPED DAVID JACOBSON, U.S. CITIZEN, OFFICIAL AT AMERICAN
UNIVERSITY OF BEIRUT; RELEASED NOVEMBER, 1986.  ISLAMIC JIHAD
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY.
MAY, 1985:
MURDER OF DENNIS HILL, U.K. CITIZEN.  HIZBALLAH SUSPECTED.
JUNE, 1985:
KIDNAPPED THOMAS SUTHERLAND, U.S. CITIZEN, OFFICIAL AT AMERICAN
UNIVERSITY OF BEIRUT.  RELEASED IN NOVEMBER, 1991.  ISLAMIC JIHAD
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY.
JUNE, 1985:
HIJACKED TWA FLIGHT #847 EN ROUTE TO ATHENS.  U.S. NAVY DIVER
ROBERT STETHEM MURDERED.  HIZBALLAH AND AMAL HELD 39 U.S.
CITIZENS HOSTAGE FOR 17 DAYS IN BEIRUT BEFORE THEY WERE RELEASED.
JULY, 1985:
ISLAMIC JIHAD CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE BOMBINGS OF AN AIRLINE
OFFICE AND A SYNAGOGUE IN COPENHAGEN.  ONE PERSON WAS KILLED AND
TWENTY SIX WERE INJURED.
DECEMBER, 1985:
IMPLICATED IN A SERIES OF BOMBINGS IN PARIS.
MARCH, 1986:
KIDNAPPED FOUR FRENCH TELEVISION NEWS TEAM MEMBERS.  THEY WERE
RELEASED BETWEEN JUNE, 1986 AND NOVEMBER, 1987.
SEPTEMBER, 1986:
KIDNAPPED FRANK REED, U.S. CITIZEN.  RELEASED APRIL, 1990.
SEPTEMBER, 1986:
KIDNAPPED U.S. CITIZEN JOSEPH CICIPPIO.  RELEASED DECEMBER, 1991.
SEPTEMBER, 1986:
HIZBALLAH SUSPECTED IN THE MURDER OF COLONEL CHRISTIAN GOUTIERRE,
FRENCH MILITARY ATTACHE IN BEIRUT.
SEPTEMBER, 1986:
SUSPECTED IN A SERIES OF PARIS BOMBINGS.
OCTOBER, 1986:
KIDNAPPED EDWARD AUSTIN TRACY, U.S. CITIZEN.  RELEASED AUGUST 1991.
REVOLUTIONARY JUSTICE ORGANIZATION CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY.
JANUARY, 1987:
KIDNAPPED ANGLICAN CHURCH ENVOY TERRY WAITE.  RELEASED NOVEMBER
1991.
JANUARY, 1987:
KIDNAPPED BEIRUT UNIVERSITY PROFESSORS JESSE TURNER, ALAN STEEN,
ROBERT POLHILL - U.S. CITIZENS - AND M. SINGH.  SINGH WAS
RELEASED IN OCTOBER, 1988.  TURNER WAS RELEASED IN OCTOBER 1991,
STEEN WAS RELEASED IN DECEMBER 1991, AND POLHILL WAS RELEASED IN
APRIL 1990.  THE ORGANIZATION OF THE OPPRESSED OF THE EARTH CLAIMED
RESPONSIBILITY.
JULY, 1987:
A SUSPECTED HIZBALLAH MEMBER HIJACKED AN AIR AFRIQUE FLIGHT BETWEEN
ROME AND PARIS.  THE SUSPECT HAD BOARDED THE FLIGHT IN BRAZZAVILLE.
ONE FRENCH CITIZEN WAS MURDERED BEFORE THE HIJACKER WAS OVER-
POWERED BY A MEMBER OF THE CABIN CREW.
FEBRUARY, 1988:
KIDNAPPED UNITED NATIONS MILITARY OBSERVER AND U.S. MARINE LT.
COLONEL RICHARD HIGGINS.  LTC HIGGINS WAS SUBSEQUENTLY MURDERED
(DATE UNKNOWN).  HIS REMAINS WERE HANDED OVER TO THE AMERICAN
EMBASSY IN BEIRUT IN DECEMBER 1991.
APRIL, 1988:
HIJACKED KUWAITI AIRWAYS FLIGHT #422 ENROUTE FROM BANGKOK TO
KUWAIT.  PLANE INITIALLY DIVERTED TO MASHAD, IRAN, THEN TO CYPRUS,
AND FINALLY TO ALGIERS.  TWO HOSTAGES WERE MURDERED DURING THE
INCIDENT.  THE HIJACKERS ESCAPED IN ALGIERS.
OCTOBER, 1990:
ISLAMIC JIHAD CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR A CAR BOMBING IN ANKARA,
TURKEY, WHICH SERIOUSLY WOUNDED A SAUDI DIPLOMAT.
NOVEMBER, 1990:
ISLAMIC JIHAD CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE MURDER IN BEIRUT OF
A SAUDI DIPLOMAT.
MARCH, 1991:
ISLAMIC JIHAD CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR A CAR BOMBING IN ANKARA,
IN WHICH AN IRAQI DIPLOMAT WAS INJURED.
MARCH, 1992:
ISLAMIC JIHAD CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE BOMBING OF THE
ISRAELI EMBASSY IN BUENOS AIRES, IN WHICH 29 PEOPLE WERE KILLED AND
252 INJURED.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE ABOVE INFORMATION WAS DERIVED FROM MULTIPLE STATE DEPARTMENT, DEPARTMENT
OF DEFENSE, AND PUBLIC MEDIA SOURCE DOCUMENTS.
Terror Groups 18
IRAULTZA
title
IRAULTZA
10/28/92
GP00034
KEY WORDS:
BASQUE ARMED REVOLUTIONARY WORKER'S ORGANIZATION; REVOLUTION; IRAULTZA-ASKE;
IA; FREE REVOLUTION.DATE FORMED:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
ESTIMATED MEMBERSHIP:
LESS THAN 2 DOZEN
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AREA OF OPERATION:
BASQUE PROVINCES OF SPAIN: VIZCAYA; ALAVA; NAVARRA; GUIPUZCOA
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
POLITICAL OBJECTIVES/TARGET AUDIENCE:
* ESTABLISH AN INDEPENDENT, MARXIST BASQUE NATION;
* END FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN THE BASQUE REGION;
* PROTEST U.S. FOREIGN POLICY, ESPECIALLY IN LATIN AMERICA.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
BACKGROUND:
LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT IRAULTZA, AND ITS ORIGINS ARE OBSCURE.  MARXIST
AND STRONGLY ANTI-U.S., IRAULTZA SEEKS TO ESTABLISH AN INDEPENDENT, MARXIST
BASQUE NATION AND TO END FOREIGN, ESPECIALLY U.S., INVESTMENT IN THE BASQUE
REGION.  IN ADDITION, THE GROUP OPPOSES U.S. FOREIGN POLICY; PARTICULARLY
TOWARD LATIN AMERICA, EXPRESSING SOLIDARITY WITH RADICAL LEFTISTS THERE.
ALTHOUGH IRAULTZA IS BELIEVED TO BE QUITE A SMALL ORGANIZATION, IT HAS
COMMITTED BOMBINGS AGAINST U.S. AND FRENCH ECONOMIC AND CORPORATE INTERESTS
IN THE BASQUE REGION.  THE GROUP HAS PROBABLY COMMITTED MORE BOMBINGS AGAINST
U.S. BUSINESS INTERESTS THAN ANY OTHER EUROPEAN TERRORIST GROUP.  ANONYMOUS
CALLERS CLAIMING RESPONSIBILITY FOR IRAULTZA BOMBINGS HAVE VOICED OPPOSITION
TO U.S. AID TO THE NICARAGUAN RESISTANCE, U.S. ACTIONS IN GRENADA AND
LEBANON, AND SPAIN'S PARTICIPATION IN NATO.
IRAULTZA MEMBERS TYPICALLY PLACE SMALL, UNSOPHISTICATED BOMBS ON THE
SIDEWALK OR IN THE STREET OUTSIDE THE INTENDED TARGET, OFTEN LATE AT NIGHT.
ALTHOUGH AN ANONYMOUS CALLER THEN USUALLY WARNS THE POLICE OF THE BOMB'S
PRESENCE, THERE HAS USUALLY NOT BEEN ENOUGH TIME FOR THE AUTHORITIES TO
REACT BEFORE THE BOMB DETONATES.  WHILE INTENDING TO CAUSE ONLY PROPERTY
DAMAGE, IRAULTZA "MIDNIGHT" BOMBS HAVE INJURED AND KILLED SEVERAL PEOPLE.
THERE IS LITTLE OR NO INFORMATION AVAILABLE ON THE GROUP'S LEADERSHIP,
ORGANIZATION, OR SOURCES OF FUNDING.  SINCE THE GROUP IS QUITE SMALL AND ITS
BOMBS ARE SIMPLE, IRAULTZA LIKELY SURVIVES ON MONEY SUPPLIED BY SUPPORTERS
AND POSSIBLY THROUGH SMALL-SCALE EXTORTION.  ALTHOUGH CURRENTLY CONSIDERED A
MINOR GROUP, IRAULTZA HAS THE POTENTIAL TO BECOME A MORE SERIOUS THREAT.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECTED INCIDENT CHRONOLOGY
MAY, 1982:
BOMBED THE STOCK MARKET AND A BANK IN BILBAO - NO INJURIES.
FEBRUARY, 1983:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR AN ATTEMPTED BOMBING OF THE RANK XEROX
OFFICES IN BILBAO.  POLICE DISARMED THE BOMB.
APRIL, 1983:
BOMBED THE RANK XEROX OFFICE IN PAMPLONA - NO INJURIES.
MAY, 1983:
BOMBED THREE BANKS IN THE BASQUE PROVINCE OF GUIPUZCOA.
MAY, 1983:
BOMBED THE RANK XEROX OFFICE IN BILBAO - NO INJURIES.
JUNE, 1983:
BOMBED A GENERAL MOTORS AFFILIATED COMPANY IN SAN SEBASTIAN TO
PROTEST U.S. INVESTMENT IN THE BASQUE REGION AND A VISIT BY THE
PRIME MINISTER OF SPAIN TO THE UNITED STATES.  THERE WERE NO
INJURIES.
NOVEMBER, 1983:
BOMBED THE BILBAO OFFICES OF THE BANK OF AMERICA AND RANK XEROX IN
PROTEST OF U.S. ACTIONS IN GRENADA AND THE PRESENCE OF U.S.
MARINES IN LEBANON.  THERE WERE NO INJURIES.
NOVEMBER, 1983:
BOMBED A COCA COLA BOTTLING PLANT IN SAN SEBASTIAN.  THERE WERE NO
INJURIES.
DECEMBER, 1983:
BOMBED THE IBM OFFICE IN VITORIA, THE 3M OFFICE IN BILBAO, AND THE
NCR AND COCA COLA OFFICES IN SAN SEBASTIAN.  THERE WERE NO
INJURIES.
DECEMBER, 1983:
BOMBED THE HISPANOAMERICAN CULTURAL CENTER IN BILBAO.  THERE WERE
NO INJURIES.  THE CENTER IS NOT AFFILIATED WITH THE GOVERNMENT OF
THE UNITED STATES.
JANUARY, 1984:
BOMBED A FORD DEALERSHIP IN BILBAO.  THERE WERE NO INJURIES.
NOVEMBER, 1984:
BOMBED THE IBM OFFICES IN BILBAO.  THERE WERE NO INJURIES.
JANUARY, 1985:
BOMBED A BILBAO MOVIE THEATRE THAT WAS SHOWING AN AMERICAN WAR
FILM.  THERE WERE NO INJURIES.
FEBRUARY, 1985:
BOMBED THE FIRESTONE OFFICE IN BILBAO TO COMMEMORATE THE DEATH OF A
GROUP MEMBER AND "IN SOLIDARITY WITH THE PEOPLE OF LATIN AMERICA
AND ITS STRUGGLE AGAINST US IMPERIALISM."  THERE WERE NO INJURIES.
MAY, 1985:
BOMBED THE HERTZ AND AVIS OFFICES IN SAN SEBASTIAN.  THERE WERE NO
INJURIES.
NOVEMBER, 1985:
BOMBED THE OFFICES OF HONEYWELL BULL IN SAN SEBASTIAN - NO
INJURIES.
JANUARY, 1986:
BOMBED THE OFFICES OF RANK XEROX IN BILBAO.  THERE WERE NO
INJURIES.
FEBRUARY, 1986:
BOMBED THE VITORIA CITY BRANCH OF THE CITIBANK ON "BEHALF OF THE
ANTI-NATO MOVEMENT."  THERE WERE NO INJURIES.
JUNE, 1986:
BOMBED THE OFFICES OF 3M IN BILBAO TO PROTEST U.S. AID TO THE
NICARAGUAN RESISTANCE.  THERE WERE NO INJURIES.
JUNE, 1986:
BOMBED A BILBAO CONSTRUCTION SITE TO PROTEST THE BUILDING OF A
WASTE TREATMENT PLANT, KILLING A WORKER WHEN THE BOMB, SET TO
DETONATE AT NIGHT, EXPLODED DURING WORKING HOURS.
MARCH, 1987:
BOMBED THE NCR OFFICES IN BILBAO.  THERE WERE NO INJURIES.
MARCH, 1988:
BOMBED A FORD SHOWROOM IN VITORIA.  THERE WERE NO INJURIES.
JUNE, 1989:
BOMBED A CITIBANK OFFICE IN SAN SEBASTIAN.  THERE WERE NO INJURIES.
DECEMBER, 1989:
BOMBED A FORD DEALERSHIP IN VITORIA.  THERE WERE NO INJURIES.
JANUARY, 1990:
BOMBED A FORD DEALERSHIP IN BILBAO.  THERE WERE NO INJURIES.
MAY, 1990:
BOMBED TWO TRUCKS AT A CONSTRUCTION SITE OF THE NAVARRA-GUIPUZCOA
HIGHWAY PROJECT.  THERE WERE NO INJURIES.
APRIL, 1991:
THREE PERSONS WERE KILLED NEAR BILBAO WHEN THE BOMB THEY WERE
CARRYING EXPLODED PREMATURELY.  THE THREE WERE MEMBERS OF IRAULTZA.
OCTOBER, 1991:
A BANK IN A BILBAO SUBURB WAS FIREBOMBED.  POLICE ATTRIBUTED THE
INCIDENT TO A GROUP CALLING ITSELF "IRAULTZA-ASKE" (IA) OR "FREE"
IRAULTZA, WHICH IS A NEW FACTION OF IRAULTZA AND IS CONSIDERED BY
POLICE AS POTENTIALLY THE MOST VIOLENT FACTION OF THE GROUP
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
INFORMATION DERIVED FROM DEFENSE DEPARTMENT AND PUBLIC MEDIA SOURCE
DOCUMENTS.
Terror Groups 19
Irish National Liberation Army (INLA)
title
    Irish National Liberation Army (INLA)
    Date Formed: 1975.
    Estimated Membership: Less than 20.
    Headquarters: Dublin.
    Area of Operations: No significant rural presence in Northern
                        Ireland, but active in urban areas such as
                        Belfast and Londonderry.
    Leadership: Dominic McGlinchey (killed in 1987), Harry Flynn
                (arrested in France in 1986), Gerard Steenson
                (killed in 1987), Thomas Power (killed in 1987).
    Other Names: None.
    Sponsors: None Known.
Political Objectives/Target Audiences:
    * Form a united 32-county Socialist Republic in Ireland.
    * Oust the British from Northern Ireland through violence, and
      overthrow the elected Government of the Republic of Ireland.
Background
      The INLA is the military arm of the Irish Republican Socialist
    Party (IRSP), a political splinter group of the Official Irish
    Republican Army (OIRA). The late Seamus Costello, the OIRA Adjutant
    General, was expelled from the OIRA in 1974 and that same year, with
    other OIRA dissidents, founded the IRSP The IRSP denies its connection
    with the INLA, but its newspaper The Starry Plough, reports INLA
    military operations, and the relationship between the two groups is
    clear. The INLA is widely regarded as more Marxist in orientation than
    the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA).
      In the first few years following its creation, the INLA feuded with
    both wings (the OIRA and the PIRA) of the Irish Republican Army.
    Many militants were killed, including the IRSP's founder Seamus
    Costello, who was gunned down in 1977. Despite ideological and tactical
    differences, the INLA has collaborated with the PIRA. At one time, this
    cooperation reportedly involved regular weekly meetings. Occasional
    friction between the groups continues to occur, but their differences
    no longer erupt into the bloody killing seen in the mid-1970s.
      Although the INLA has engaged in bombings and shootings since 1975,
    it achieved widespread notoriety only after the March 1979
    assassination of leading British Conservative Party member Airey Neave
    in Great Britain. This INLA action shocked British authorities. The
    attack was noteworthy because it represented an expansion of INLA
    activities outside of Ireland, and it used a sophisticated explosive
    device.
      In Northern Ireland, typical INLA operations include bombings and
    shootings, targeting British soldiers, members of Northern Ireland's
    security forces, Ulster government officials, and members of loyalist
    political parties and paramilitary groups. The INLA has used a wide
    variety of handguns, machineguns, and grenades and tends to use
    commercially available explosives in its bombings.
      Bank, payroll, and train robberies both in Ulster and the Republic
    of Ireland appear to be the primary sources of INLA funding. The group
    apparently does not have the access to the international funding
    enjoyed by the PIRA and may have begun to resort to extortion to meet
    operational expenses.
      There is evidence of INLA contacts with the West German Revolutionary
    Cells and the French Direct Action (AD). RZ and INLA militants
    reportedly have exchanged visits. British sources claim that the
    explosives to have been used in INLA's aborted 1985 plot to bomb the
    Chelsea Barracks in London were stolen by AD members in France in 1984.
    In accordance with its Marxist ideology, the INLA also has expressed
    solidarity with numerous national liberation and terrorist movements
    throughout the world.
      Numerous arrests of INLA terrorists and testimony by "supergrass"
    informers (INLA and PIRA militants who inform on their former comrades)
    have reduced INLA operational capabilities significantly and caused
    the group to limit its activities.  Problems in permitting the use of
    "supergrass" testimony in court, however led to the release in 1987 of
    many captured INLA militants. Upon their release, a bloody feud erupted
    over whether to disband the organization, and many militants were
    killed. Despite this preoccupation with internal leadership conflicts,
    the INLA remains a brutal and unpredictable organization.
Selected Incident Chronology
    March 1979 - Assassinated Airey Neave, British Conservative Party
                 member and spokesman on Northern Ireland, with a car
                 bomb.
    November 1979 - Bombed the British Consulate in Antwerp, Belgium.
    April 1981 - Attempted to assassinate Kenneth Shimeld, Permanent
                 Secretary of the Northern Ireland Office, with a
                 booby-trap bomb.
    December 1982 - Bombed a crowded nightclub frequented by British
                    soldiers in Ballykelly; 17 people were killed,
                    12 of them soldiers, and 66 were wounded.
    November 1983 - Fired into the congregation of the Mountain Lodge
                    Gospel Hall in Dardley. Three people were killed and
                    seven were injured.
    March 1985 - Exploded a car bomb near the Belfast site of an
                 England-Northern Ireland soccer match. Police were
                 alerted ahead of time and no injuries resulted.
    September 1986 - Placed a 50-pound bomb outside the British Legion
                     Hall in County Down; it was defused by British Army
                     personnel.
    January 1987 - Attempted to assassinate David Calvert, a prominent
                   Unionist politician in Northern Ireland.
    January-June 1987 - At least six persons were murdered and three
                        injured in internal power struggles among
                        factions of the INLA.
    August 1992 - Alledged to have slain Jimmy Brown, leader of the
                        rival Irish People's Liberation Organization
Terror Groups 20
Japanese Red Army (JRA)
title
Japanese Red Army (JRA)
aka:  Anti-Imperialist International Brigade (AIIB)
Description
An international terrorist group formed around 1970 after breaking away from
japanese communist League Red Army Faction.  Now led by Fusako Shigenobu,
believed to be in Syrian-garrisoned area of Lebanon's Bekaa Valley.  Stated
goals are to overthrow Japanese Government and monarchy and to help foment
world revolution.  Organization unclear but may control or at least have
ties to Anti-Imperialist International Brigade (AIIB); may also have links
to Antiwar Democratic Front--an overt leftist political organization--inside
Japan.  Details released following November 1987 arrest of leader Osamu
Maruoka indicate that JRA may be organizing cells in Asian cities, such as
Manila and Singapore.  Has had close and longstanding relations with
Palestinian terrorist groups--based and operating outside Japan--since its
inception.
Activities
Before 1977, JRA carried out a series of brutal attacks over a wide
geographical area, including the massacre of passengers at Lod airport in
Israel (1972) and two Japanese airliner hijackings (1973 and 1977).  Anti-US
attacks include attempted takeover of US Embassy in Kuala Lumpur (1975).
Since mid-1960s has carried out several crude rocket and mortar attacks
against a number of US embassies.  In April 1988, JRA operative Yu Kikumura
was arrested with explosives on the New Jersey Turnpike, apparently planning
an attack to coincide with the bombing of a USO club in Naples, a suspected
JRA operation that killed five, including a us servicewoman.  He was
convicted of these charges and is serving a lengthy prison sentence in the
United States.
Strength
About 30 hardcore members; undetermined number of sympathizers.
Location/Area of Operation
Based in Syrian-controlled areas of Lebanon; often transits Damascus.
External Aid
Receives aid, including training and base camp facilities, from radical
Palestinian terrorists, especially the PFLP. May also receive aid from
Libya.  Suspected of having sympathizers and support apparatus in Japan.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECTED INCIDENT CHRONOLOGY
MAY, 1972:
CARRIED OUT A MACHINEGUN AND GRENADE ATTACK AT LOD AIRPORT.  THREE
JRA MEMBERS KILLED 26 PEOPLE, INCLUDING 16 PUERTO RICAN PILGRIMS TO
THE HOLY LAND.
JANUARY - FEBRUARY, 1974:
ATTACKED SHELL OIL REFINERY STORAGE TANKS IN SINGAPORE AND SEIZED
A FERRYBOAT CREW AND HOSTAGES, ALL OF WHICH WERE RELEASED UNHARMED.
SEPTEMBER, 1984:
SEIZED 11 HOSTAGES AT THE FRENCH EMBASSY IN THE HAGUE.  THE
TERRORISTS DEMANDED, AND WERE PROVIDED, AN AIRLINER FOR TRANSPORT
TO SYRIA.  TWO DUTCH POLICE OFFICERS WERE WOUNDED IN THE COURSE OF
THE INCIDENT.
AUGUST, 1975:
TEN MEMBERS OF THE JAPANESE RED ARMY TOOK OVER THE U.S. CONSULATE
IN KUALA LUMPUR, AND SEIZED 52 HOSTAGES, INCLUDING THE CONSUL
GENERAL AND THE SWEDISH CHARGE.  THE TERRORISTS THREATENED TO BLOW
UP THE BUILDING AND KILL THE HOSTAGES UNLESS SEVEN JRA PRISONERS IN
JAPAN WERE RELEASED AND PROVIDED SAFE PASSAGE TO THE MIDDLE EAST.
ALTHOUGH THE GOVERNMENT OF JAPAN WAS WILLING TO RELEASE THE
PRISONERS, ONLY FIVE WERE WILLING TO GO; THEY WERE FLOWN TO
TRIPOLI, LIBYA, BY WAY OF KUALA LUMPUR.
SEPTEMBER - OCTOBER, 1977:
HIJACKED A JAPAN AIRLINES PLANE IN BOMBAY  AND FORCED IT TO LAND IN
DHAKA, BANGLADESH.  THE GOVERNMENT OF JAPAN AGREED TO RELEASE NINE
IMPRISONED TERRORISTS AND TO PAY $6 MILLION IN EXCHANGE FOR THE
RELEASE OF THE 159 HOSTAGES ABOARD THE PLANE.  AFTER PAYMENT OF THE
RANSOM AND THE RELEASE OF SIX JRA PRISONERS, THE HIJACKERS WERE
FLOWN TO ALGERIA.
MAY, 1986:
JRA MEMBER YU KIKUMURA, 33, WAS ARRESTED FOR HAVING A BOMB IN HIS
LUGGAGE AT THE SCHIPHOL AIRPORT IN AMSTERDAM.  HE WAS LATER
DEPORTED TO JAPAN.  HE HAD BEEN A MEMBER OF THE "BLACK HELMET"
(KURO HERO) RADICAL ORGANIZATION IN JAPAN BEFORE THAT GROUP JOINED
FORCES WITH THE THE JRA IN THE SUMMER OF 1971.
JUNE, 1986:
INDONESIAN POLICE RELEASED PHOTOGRAPHS OF TSUTOMU SHIROSAKI, 38, A
JRA MEMBER WHOSE FINGERPRINTS WERE FOUND IN A HOTEL ROOM FROM WHICH
CRUDE MORTARS WERE FIRED AT THE JAPANESE AND U.S. EMBASSY
BUILDINGS IN JAKARTA.  SHIROSAKI WAS ALSO WANTED FOR A CAR BOMBING
OUTSIDE THE CANADIAN EMBASSY IN JAKARTA IN MAY, 1986.  THE
ANTI-IMPERIALIST INTERNATIONAL BRIGADE (AIIB) CLAIMED
RESPONSIBILITY.
JUNE, 1987:
FIRED TWO ROCKETS AT THE BRITISH EMBASSY IN ROME.  ABOUT THIRTY
MINUTES LATER, JRA DETONATED A CAR BOMB ACROSS THE STREET FROM THE
U.S. EMBASSY; AND WITHIN MINUTES LAUNCHED TWO HOME-MADE ROCKETS AT
THE FRONT OF THE U.S. EMBASSY COMPOUND FROM A HOTEL BALCONY.
NOVEMBER, 1987:
OSAMU MARUOKA, A HIGH-RANKING JRA MEMBER, WAS ARRESTED IN TOKYO.
EVIDENCE INDICATED THAT HE MAY HAVE BEEN ATTEMPTING TO ESTABLISH A
BROADER BASE OF OPERATIONS AND SUPPORT IN EAST ASIA, POSSIBLY UNDER
THE NAME OF THE "ANTIWAR DEMOCRATIC FRONT (ADF)."
APRIL, 1988:
JRA MEMBER YU KIKUMURA WAS ARRESTED IN NEW JERSEY WITH THREE BOMBS
IN HIS POSSESSION.  IT IS BELIEVED THAT HE PLANNED TO BOMB A TARGET
IN THE NEW YORK AREA TO COINCIDE WITH THE JRA BOMBING IN NAPLES
(SEE NEXT INCIDENT ENTRY).
APRIL, 1988:
A BOMB DETONATED IN FRONT OF THE U.S. SERVICEMEN'S CLUB IN NAPLES,
ITALY, KILLING FIVE PERSONS, INCLUDING A U.S. SERVICEWOMAN.  TWO
JRA MEMBERS ARE THE MAIN SUSPECTS IN THE BOMBING, WHICH COINCIDED
WITH THE ANNIVERSARY OF THE U.S. BOMBING RAID ON LIBYA IN 1986.
JULY, 1988:
ATTEMPTED TWO ROCKET ATTACKS, WITH MAKESHIFT LAUNCHERS, AGAINST THE
U.S. EMBASSY IN MADRID, SPAIN.  AIIB CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY.
NOTE:  THE JRA HAS NOT CLAIMED ANY OF THESE MOST RECENT ATTACKS BUT IS
SUSPECTED OF ACTING IN THE NAME OF THE ANTI-IMPERIALIALIST INTERNATIONAL
BRIGADE (AIIB).  THE AIIB HAS CARRIED OUT ROCKET ATTACKS ON THE U.S.
EMBASSIES IN JAKARATA IN 1986 AND MADRID IN 1988, AS WELL AS A COORDINATED
BOMB AND ROCKET ATTACK ON THE U.S. EMBASSY IN ROME IN JUNE 1987.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
INFORMATION DERIVED FROM DEPARTMENT OF STATE AND DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SOURCE
DOCUMENTS.
Terror Groups 21
Jihad Group
title
    Jihad Group
aka: al-Jihad, Islamic Jihad, New Jihad Group, Vanguards of Conquest,
Talaa'al-Fateh)
Description
An Egyptian Islamic extremist group active since the late 1970s; appears to
be divided into at least two separate factions:  remnants of the original
iihad led by Abbud al-Zumar, currently imprisoned in Egypt, and a new
faction calling itself Vanguards of Conquest (Talaa'al al-Fateh or the New
Jihad Group), which appears to be led by Dr. Ayman al-Zawahiri, who is
currently outside Egypt, specific whereabouts unknown.  In addition to the
Islamic Group, the Jihad factions regard Shaykh Omar Abdel Rahman as their
spiritual leader.  The goal of all Jihad factions is to overthrow the
government of President Hosni Mubarak and replace it with an Islamic state.
Activities
The Jihad groups specialize in armed attacks against high-level Egyptian
Government officials.  The original iihad was responsible for the 1981
assassination of President Sadat.  More recently, the newer iihad group led
by Zawahiri claimed responsibility for the 18 August 1993 bomb attack in
Cairo, which wounded Egyptian Interior Minister Hassan al-Alfi and killed
five others, and the 25 November 1993 car-bomb attack in Cairo on Prime
Minister Sidqi; although Sidqi was unhurt, a teenage girl was killed and 18
others were injured.  Unlike the Islamic Group--which mainly targets mid-and
lower-level security personnel, Coptic Christians, and Western tourists --
the Jihad group appears to concentrate primarily on high-level, high-profile
Egyptian Government officials, including Cabinet Ministers.  It also seems
more technically sophisticated in its attacks than the al-Gama'a al-
Islamiyya--notably in its use of car bombs.
Strength
Not known, but probably several thousand hardcore members and another
several thousand sympathizers among the various factions.
Location/Area of Operation
Operates mainly in the Cairo area.  Also appears to have members outside
Egypt, probably in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Sudan.
External Aid
Not known.  The Egyptian Government claims that Iran, Sudan, and militant
Islamic groups in Afghanistan support the Jihad factions.
25 November 1993
Egypt
A carbomb exploded near the motorcade of Prime Minister Atif Sedki; the prime
Minister was unhurt but one bystander, a teen-aged girl, was killed and at
least 18 persons wounded.  The "Jihad Group" later claimed responsibility.
Terror Groups 22
Kurdistan Workers Party or Kurdistan Labor Party (PKK)
title
Kurdistan Workers Party
aka:  Kurdistan Labor Party (PKK)
Description
Marxist-Leninist insurgent group comprised of Turkish Kurds established in
1974.  In recent years has moved beyond rural-
based insurgent activities to include urban terrorism.  Seeks to set up an
independent Marxist state in southeastern Turkey, where there is a
predominantly Kurdish population.
Activities
Primary targets are Turkish Government forces and civilians in eastern
Turkey but becoming increasingly active in Western Europe against Turkish
targets.  Conducted coordinated attacks on Turkish diplomatic and commercial
facilities in dozens of Western European cities on 24 June and 4 November.
In May 1993 began a campaign against Turkish tourism industry and kidnapped
19 Western tourists traveling in eastern Turkey in summer 1993; released all
unharmed.  Also bombed tourist sites and hotels in coastal resort cities.
Strength
Approximately 10,000 to 15,000 full-time guerrillas, 5,000 to 6,000 of whom
are in Turkey; 60,000 to 75,000 part-time guerrillas; and hundreds of
thousands of sympathizers in Turkey and Europe.
Location/Area of Operation
Operates in Turkey and Western Europe.
External Aid
Receives safehaven and modest aid from Syria, Iraq, and Iran.
May 1995:
Abdullah Ocalan leader of PKK negotiates with Turkey.
Turkey's 11 struggle with PKK has cost 15,000 lives.
April 1995:
Released two journalists held for two months.
March 1995:
Turkey sends 35,00 troops to find the PKK in northern Iraq.
4 November 1993
Western Europe
The PKK staged a second round of coordinated attacks against Turkish
diplomatic and commercial facilities in six Western European countries.  The
assaults consisted mainly of firebombings and vandalism, but one person was
killed and about 20 injured.
5 July to 14 October 1993
Turkey
In eight separate incidents within this period, the PKK kidnapped a total of
19 Western tourists traveling in southeastern Turkey.  The hostages, including
U.S. citizen Colin Patrick Starger, were released unharmed after spending
several weeks in captivity.
27 June 1993
Turkey
Terrorists threw handgrenades at a number of hotels and restaurants frequented
by tourists in the Mediterranean resort area of Antalya.  Twelve foreigners
were among the 28 persons injured.  Earlier, on 9 June, PKK leader Abdulla
Ocalan threatened that his group would start to use violence against tourist
facilities in Western Turkey.
24 June 1993
Western Europe
Terrorists from the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) staged a wave of coordinated
attacks in more than 30 cities in six Western European countries.  The attacks
consisted primarily of vandalism against Turkish diplomatic and commercial
targets, and included the take-over of one Turkish consulate.
Terror Groups 23
Lautaro Youth Movement (MJL)
title
Lautaro Youth Movement (MJL)
aka:  The Lautaro faction of the United Popular Action Movement (MAPU/L) or
Lautaro Popular Rebel Forces (FRPL)
Description
Violent, anti-US extremist group that advocates the overthrow of the Chilean
Government.  Leadership largely from leftist elements but includes criminals
and alienated youths.  Became active in late 1980s, but has been seriously
weakened by government counterterrorist successes in recent years.
Activities
Has been linked to assassinations of policemen, bank robberies, and attacks
on Mormon churches.
Strength
Unknown.
Location/Area of operation
Chile; mainly Santiago.
External Aid
None.
13 May 1993
Chile
Three terrorists entered a Mormon church in Santiago, overpowered the Bishop,
sprayed the church with fuel and set it afire.  The church was completely
destroyed.  The terrorists left pamphlets at the scene in which the Mapu
Lautaro group -- United Popular Action Movement -- claimed responsibility.
Terror Groups 24
Manuel Rodriguez Patriotic Front (FPMR)
title
Manuel Rodriguez Patriotic Front (FPMR)
Description
Original FPMR was founded in 1983 as armed wing of Chilean Communist Party
and named for hero of Chile's war of independence against Spain.  Group
splintered into two factions in late 1980s, one of which became a political
party in 1991.
Activities
FPMR/D frequently attacks civilians and international targets, including US
businesses and Mormon churches.  In 1993, FPMR/D bombed two McDonalds'
outlets and a Kentucky Fried Chicken franchise.  Successful government
counterterrorist operations have significantly undercut organization.
Strength
Now believed to have fewer than 500 members.
Location/Area of Operation
Chile.
External Aid
None.
Selected Incident Chronology
    March 1984 - Carried out simultaneous bombing attacks in Santiago,
                 Valparaiso, Concepcion, and San Antonio. Considerable
                 property damage was done, seven people were injured,
                 and dozens were arrested in riots that followed.
    April 1984 - Bombed a Santiago subway station, wounding 20.
    August 1984 - Bombed the U.S. Cultural Center in Valparaiso and two
                  U.S. businesses in Santiago as part of a series of bomb
                  attacks throughout central Chile.
    December 1984 - Kidnaped the assistant director of a pro-Government
                    newspaper.
    March 1985 - Bombed offices of two U.S. banks, Citibank and Republic
                 National, along with several Chilean facilities in
                 Santiago and other cities.
    January 1986 - Believed responsible for the bombing of the US-Chilean
                   Cultural Institute in Vina del Mar.
    April 1986 - Blacked out major portions of central Chile in an attack
                 on electrical power facilities.
    April 1986 - Detonated a bomb by the perimeter wall of the U.S.
                 Ambassador's residence in Santiago.
    August 1986 - Kidnaped a Chilean Army colonel - the first abduction
                  of a high-ranking military officer since the 1973 coup.
                  He was released three days later.
    August 1986 - Arms caches containing more than 3,100 weapons of U.S.
                  and other manufacture were discovered in the area of
                  Copiapo and Santiago. Witnesses presented by the
                  Chilean Government indicate the weapons were smuggled
                  ashore from Cuban fishing trawlers off the coast
                  of Chile.
    September 1986 - Attempted to assassinate Chilean President Pinochet.
                     Weapons used were of the same type found in the
                     arms caches.
    November 1986 - Conducted a series of dynamite attacks against power
                    lines, blacking out the main cities in central and
                    southern Chile.
    February-March 1987 - Set off dynamite explosions at pylons and
                          towers of the national high-voltage power
                          network, blacking out areas of Santiago,
                          Valparaiso, and Vina del Mar. March incident
                          occurred as President Pinochet spoke on radio
                          and television.
    April 1987 - Santiago police deactivated a powerful bomb discovered
                 in the office of the prosecutor who tried 14 FPMR
                 members and held them for five months.
    April 1987 - Gunmen briefly seized control of eight radio stations
                 in four cities with the objective of playing a
                 clandestine broadcast, ending a self-proclaimed truce
                 during the visit of Pope John Paul II. An off-duty
                 guard was killed attempting to stop the gunmen's escape.
    May 1987 - Detonated bombs that destroyed four high-tension towers,
               resulting in a general power outage at Copiapo and
               Valdivia.
    June 1987 - Conducted a machinegun and bomb attack at a Santiago
                printing company, injuring three. Two other incidents
                that day at two National Intelligence Center barracks
                caused little damage and no injuries.
    June 1987 - Ambushed police patrol cars in Santiago with machineguns
                and firebombs. These separate evening attacks wounded
                two policemen and several passersby.
    June 1987 - Staged several machinegun, bomb, and firebomb attacks
                against police, pro-Government media, and Government
                offices in Santiago and Talca, causing five injuries and
                costly damage. Although the FPMR attempted to use
                rockets in three incidents, two were deactivated before
                being remotely fired and one failed to explode when
                triggered. (The June attacks may have been retaliatory
                for the killing of 12 FPMR members by security agents on
                June 16.)
    July 1987 - Four gunmen shot and killed a policeman waiting for a bus
                on a Santiago street. (Possible FPMR responsibility.)
    September 1987 - Kidnaped Chilean Army Lieutenant Colonel Carlos Carreno
                     in Santiago. He was released in December 1987 in Sao
                     Paulo, Brazil.
    June 1990 - Assassinated Police Col.  Luis Fontaine, former head of
                     the antiterrorist department.
    February 1991 - Launched crude nonexplosive rockets at the
                     Israeli Embassy and Ambassador Daniel Mokady's
                     residence in apparent simpathy towards Iraq.
    July 1992 - The three alleged members of the left-wing Manuel
                     Rodriguez Patriotic Front, arrested in October
                    1986, were sentenced to life in prison.
Terror Groups 25
Morazanist Patriotic Front (FPM)
title
Morazanist Patriotic Front (FPM)
Description
A radical, leftist terrorist group that first appeared in the late 1980s.
Attacks made in protest of US intervention in Honduran economic and
political affairs.
Activities
Attacks on US, mainly military, personnel in Honduras.  Claimed
responsibility for attack on a bus in March 1990 that wounded seven US
servicemen.  Claimed bombing of Peace Corps office in December 1988, bus
bombing that wounded three US servicemen in February 1989, attack on US
convoy in April 1989, and grenade attack that wounded seven US soldiers in
La Ceiba in July 1989.
Strength
Unknown, probably relatively small.
Location/Area of Operation
Honduras.
External Aid
Had ties to former Government of Nicaragua and possibly Cuba.
Terror Groups 26
MOZAMBICAN NATIONAL RESISTANCE
title
MOZAMBICAN NATIONAL RESISTANCE
10/28/92
GP00002
KEY WORDS:
RENAMO; RESISTENCIA NACIONAL MOCAMBICANA
DESCRIPTION:
ESTABLISHED IN 1976 BY THE RHODESIAN SECURITY SERVICES, PRIMARILY TO
OPERATE AGAINST ANTI-RHODESIAN GUERRILLAS BASED IN MOZAMBIQUE.  SOUTH AFRICA
SUBSEQUENTLY DEVELOPED RENAMO INTO AN INSURGENT GROUP OPPOSING FRELIMO, THE
FRONT FOR THE LIBERATION OF MOZAMBIQUE.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
ACTIVITIES:
RENAMO OPERATES AS A GUERRILLA INSURGENCY AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT OF
MOZAMBIQUE AS WELL AS CIVILIAN TARGETS; FREQUENTLY AND INCREASINGLY RUNS
CROSS-BORDER OPERATIONS INTO ZIMBABWE, MALAWI, AND ZAMBIA, WHERE IT HAS
MURDERED AND KIDNAPPED NUMEROUS CIVILIANS AND DESTROYED PROPERTY.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
STRENGTH:
20,000 GUERRILLAS.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
EXTERNAL AID:
ASSISTANCE PREVIOUSLY RECEIVED FROM SOUTH AFRICA AS WELL AS FROM PRIVATE
INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS IN EUROPE AND ELSEWHERE.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECTED INCIDENT CHRONOLOGY
SEPTEMBER, 1985:
SUSPECTED RENAMO MEMBERS ATTACKED A U.S. OWNED FIRM.  THIS WAS THE
FIRST ATTACK ON A U.S. FIRM REPORTED IN MOZAMBIQUE.
MARCH, 1986:
SUSPECTED RENAMO MEMBERS KIDNAPPED A PORTUGESE NATIONAL AND AN
ITALIAN NUN.  RENAMO CLAIMED TO HAVE RELEASED THE HOSTAGES IN
DECEMBER, 1986.
NOVEMBER, 1986:
RENAMO REBELS KIDANPPED THREE WEST GERMANS, A PORTUGESE, AND A
BRITON, RELEASING THEM IN DECEMBER, 1986.
MAY, 1987:
RENAMO MEMBERS KIDNAPPED SEVEN FOREIGN MEDICAL RELIEF WORKERS.  THE
VICTIMS WERE RELEASED THREE MONTHS LATER IN MALAWI.
DECEMBER, 1988:
A MINE PLANTED BY RENAMO KILLED TWO PASSENGERS ON A TRAIN AND
INJURED THIRTY-THREE OTHERS.
JANUARY, 1989:
RENAMO GUERRILLAS AMBUSHED AND KILLED A PORTUGESE CATHOLIC PRIEST.
FEBRUARY, 1989:
SEVEN PEOPLE WERE KILLED AND FORTY ONE WOUNDED DURING AN ATTACK ON
A PASSENGER TRAIN BY RENAMO.
MARCH, 1989:
TWO ITALIAN MISSIONARIES AND EIGHT SOLDIERS WERE KILLED, ALONG WITH
AN UNDETERMINED NUMBER OF VILLAGERS IN THE COURSE OF A RAID BY
RENAMO.
APRIL, 1989:
SEVEN MINERS WERE KILLED AND THREE WERE WOUNDED DURING A RENAMO
RAID.  FOUR LOCOMOTIVES WERE DESTROYED IN THE ATTACK.
APRIL, 1989:
EIGHTEEN PEOPLE WERE KILLED DURING A RENAMO RAID ON A PASSENGER
JUNE, 1989:
EIGHTEEN PEOPLE WERE KILLED AND MORE THAN TWENTY WERE INJURED IN
THE COURSE OF TWO SEPARATE RENAMO ATTACKS.
JULY, 1989:
RENAMO IS BELIEVED RESPONSIBLE FOR THE AMBUSH AND MURDER OF A
BRAZILIAN ENGINEER.
NOVEMBER, 1989:
RENAMO IS BELIEVED RESPONSIBLE FOR AN ATTACK ON A SPANISH TUGBOAT
AND THE KIDNAPPING OF FOUR CREW MEMBERS.
MAY, 1990:
A SWISS PHYSICIAN WAS AMBUSHED AND MURDERED BY SUSPECTED RENAMO
GUERRILLAS.
JUNE,1990
TWO OFFICIALS OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS
(ICRC) WERE ABDUCTED BY RENAM0. THEY WERE RELEASED UNHARMED AFTER
BEING HELD FOR TWO WEEKS.
AUGUST, 1990:
RENAMO INSURGENTS KILLED FOUR SOLDIERS AND WOUNDED EIGHT DURING A
RAID ON A PASSENGER/CARGO TRAIN.
OCTOBER, 1990:
RENAMO REBELS KILLED ELEVEN PEOPLE WHEN THEY LAUNCHED AN ATTACK ON
A TRADITIONAL MUSIC FESTIVAL.
NOVEMBER, 1990:
RENAMO REBELS KILLED FOUR PEOPLE AND ABDUCTED TWENTY-FIVE CHILDREN
DURING A RAID ON A WEDDING PARTY.
JANUARY, 1991:
RENAMO REBELS AMBUSHED AND KILLED A PORTUGESE MISSIONARY.
FEBRUARY, 1991:
A COLOMBIAN PRIEST WAS MURDERED AND TWO CHILDREN WERE WOUNDED BY
RENAMO.
MARCH, 1991:
RENAMO REBELS SABOTAGED RAIL LINES CAUSING THE DERAILMENT OF A
FREIGHT TRAIN.
MARCH, 1991:
RENAMO REBELS AMBUSHED A TRUCK AND KILLED EIGHT PASSENGERS.
APRIL, 1991:
RENAMO REBELS MASSACRED FORTY VILLAGERS AND WOUNDED THIRTEEN
OTHERS.
NOVEMBER, 1991:
SUSPECTED RENAMO FORCES ATTACKED THE INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT AT
BEIRA, KILLING TWO PEOPLE AND DAMAGING THE AIRPORT'S COMMUNICATIONS
CENTER.
FEBRUARY, 1992:
RENAMO REBELS ATTACKED A CONVOY CARRYING RELIEF SUPPLIES TO A
DROUGHT-STRICKEN AREA KILLING THIRTY-THREE PERSONS, INCLUDING SIX
SOLDIERS.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE ABOVE INFORMATION WAS DERIVED FROM DEPARTMENT OF STATE AND PUBLIC MEDIA
SOURCE DOCUMENTS.
Terror Groups 27
National Liberation Army (ELN)--Colombia
title
National Liberation Army (ELN)--Colombia
Description
Rural-based, anti-US, Maoist-Marxist-Leninist guerrilla group formed in
1963.  Attempted peace talks with the government ended in May 1992.
Activities
Periodically kidnaps foreign employees of large corporations and holds them
for large ransom payments.  Conducts frequent assaults on oil infrastructure
and has inflicted major damage on pipelines since 1986.  Extortion and
bombings against US and other foreign businesses, especially the petroleum
industry.
Strength
Has fallen off in recent years and now estimated at only about 700
combatants.
Location/Area of Operation
Colombia.
External Aid
None.
23 February 1993
Colombia
Eight ELN terrorists kidnapped U.S. citizen Lewis Manning, an employee of the
Colombian gold-mining company Oresom, in the Choco area.  In December, the
International Committee of the Red Cross received a photograph of the hostage
as proof that he was still alive.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECTED INCIDENT CHRONOLOGY
JANUARY, 1980:
KIDNAPPED AN ENGLISHWOMAN AND HER SON FROM THEIR FARM IN CESAR
DEPARTMENT, DEMANDING A $300,000 RANSOM.
JANUARY, 1982:
KIDNAPPED A DIPLOMAT ATTACHED TO THE EMBASSY OF HONDURAS IN
BOGOTA TO PROTEST ALLEGED HONDURAN INTERFERENCE IN THE DOMESTIC
AFFAIRS OF NICARAGUA AND EL SALVADOR.
JULY, 1983:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR A SERIES OF DYNAMITE ATTACKS IN COLOMBIA
AS PART OF "OPERATION FREE CENTRAL AMERICA."  THE SALVADORAN
CONSULATE IN MEDELLIN AND TWO LOCAL POLICE OFFICES WERE THE
TARGETS.
NOVEMBER, 1983:
KIDNAPPED THE BROTHER OF THE PRESIDENT OF COLOMBIA; BUT AFTER FIDEL
CASTRO INTERVENED, THE VICTIM WAS RETURNED UNHARMED FIFTEEN DAYS
LATER.
MAY, 1984:
SIX ELN MEMBERS RAIDED A GOLD MINE NEAR THE NORTHWESTERN TOWN OF
SEGOVIA AND SEIZED THE EQUIVALENT OF ALMOST $90,000.
JUNE, 1985:
AMBUSHED AND KILLED EIGHT POLICEMEN NEAR THE VENEZUELAN BORDER.
NOVEMBER, 1986:
BOMBED A DREDGE IN THE NECHI RIVER IN COLOMBIA AND TEMPORARILY
PARALYZED GOLD PRODUCTION IN THE AREA.
DECEMBER, 1986:
MADE NUMEROUS RAIDS AGAINST U.S.- ASSOCIATED OIL PRODUCTION
SUBSIDIARIES, DESTROYING EQUIPMENT AND STEALING EXPLOSIVES.
JANUARY-JUNE, 1987:
CONTINUED TO TARGET COLOMBIA'S OIL PRODUCTION BY BLOWING UP
SECTIONS OF PIPELINE AND ATTACKING OIL CAMPS.  DURING THIS PERIOD,
THE ELN MAY HAVE ATTAINED THE LEADERSHIP POSITION WITHIN THE
NATIONAL GUERRILLA COORDINATOR, REPLACING M-19.
APRIL-AUGUST, 1987:
BOMBED OIL OPERATION LOCATIONS AND U.S.-COLOMBIAN TARGETS, CAUSING
CONSIDERABLE PROPERTY DAMAGE.
JUNE, 1987:
AMBUSHED A VENEZUELAN NATIONAL GUARD UNIT ON AN ANTI-NARCOTICS
MISSION NEAR THE COLOMBIAN BORDER.
SEPTEMBER, 1987:
ATTACKED A VENEZUELAN ARMY BORDER OUTPOST TO CAPTURE WEAPONS.
OCTOBER, 1987:
BOMBED THREE MORMON CHURCHES IN BOYACA AND A NAVAL FACILITY IN
BARRANCABERMEJA.
NOVEMBER, 1987:
MURDERED SEVENTEEN POLICEMEN AND FOUR SOLDIERS IN SEPARATE
AMBUSHES.
FEBRUARY, 1988:
DETONATED A CAR BOMB AT THE BOGOTA OFFICE OF A U.S. PETROLEUM
COMPANY.
MARCH, 1988:
BOMBED A COLOMBIAN SUBSIDIARY OF A MAJOR U.S. BANKING FIRM IN
BOGOTA.
MAY, 1988:
KIDNAPPED THE GERMAN HONORARY CONSULS IN MEDELLIN AND
BUCARAMANGA, THE PRESIDENT OF THE SANTANDER DEPARTMENTAL ASSEMBLY
IN BUCARAMANGA, THREE COLOMBIA JOURNALISTS IN BUCARAMANGA, THE
FRENCH PRESS ATTACHE IN BOGOTA.  FAILED TO CARRY OUT PLAN TO KIDNAP
THE FRENCH HONORARY COUNSEL IN CALI AND THE PANAMANIAN CONSUL
GENERAL IN CARTAGENA.  ALL HOSTAGES RELEASED UNHARMED DURING MAY,
1988.
JUNE, 1988:
KIDNAPPED AN AMERICAN EMPLOYEE OF AN AMERICAN COMPANY.  RELEASED
UNHARMED IN NOVEMBER, 1988 AFTER REPORTED PAYMENT OF RANSOM.
SEPTEMBER, 1988
DETONATED A CAR BOMB UNDER THE ARMORED VEHICLE OF A CANADIAN
OIL COMPANY EXECUTIVE IN DOWNTOWN BOGOTA.  THE TARGET WAS UNHURT,
BUT A PASSERBY WAS SERIOUSLY INJURED.
OCTOBER, 1988:
TOWNS ATTACKED IN JOINT OPERATION WITH THE REVOLUTIONARY ARMED
FORCES OF COLOMBIA (FARC).  AT LEAST THREE POLICE OFFICERS AND ONE
CIVILIAN WERE KILLED.  FIFTEEN POLICE OFFICERS, A PRIEST AND A NUN
WERE KIDNAPPED.
OCTOBER, 1988:
KIDNAPPED A COLOMBIAN ANTHROPOLOGIST OF AMERICAN ORIGIN IN A
NORTHERN JUNGLE AREA.  THE VICTIM HAD BEEN ACCUSED OF BEING A CIA
AGENT BECAUSE OF HIS WORK WITH THE INDIGENOUS POPULATION.  HE WAS
RELEASED UNHARMED IN JULY, 1989.
DECEMBER, 1988:
TOWN ATTACKED - ONE POLICE OFFICER AND THREE CIVILIANS WERE KILLED.
FEBRUARY, 1989:
TOWN ATTACKED IN A JOINT OPERATION WITH THE REVOLUTIONARY ARMED
FORCES OF COLOMBIA (FARC) AND THE POPULAR LIBERATION ARMY (EPL).
FIVE POLICE OFFICERS WERE KILLED AND ELEVEN POLICE OFFICERS WERE
KIDNAPPED.
MARCH, 1989:
KIDNAPPED AN AMERICAN FROM HER FAMILY'S RANCH.  RELEASED UNHURT IN
JUNE, 1989 AFTER A RANSOM PAYMENT.
MARCH, 1989:
KIDNAPPED THE CHAIRMAN OF THE NATIONAL FEDERATION OF COLOMBIAN OIL
DISTRIBUTORS.  STATUS REMAINS UNKNOWN.
APRIL, 1989:
KIDNAPPED FOUR SPANISH AND ITALIAN ENGINEERS EMPLOYED AT A
HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT.  STATUS REMAINS UNKNOWN.
APRIL, 1989:
KIDNAPPED FIVE COLOMBIAN JOURNALISTS.  RELEASED WITHIN A WEEK WITH
A MESSAGE TO THE PUBLIC.
JUNE, 1989:
KIDNAPPED TWO COLOMBIAN AND ONE SPANISH JOURNALISTS.  THEIR STATUS
REMAINS UNKNOWN.
OCTOBER, 1989:
KIDNAPPED A SPANISH BUSINESSMAN IN QUITO, ECUADOR.  THE VICTIM HAD
EXTENSIVE BUSINESS HOLDINGS IN COLOMBIA.  RELEASED AFTER A RANSOM
WAS REPORTEDLY PAID.
OCTOBER, 1989:
TOWNS ATTACKED IN JOINT OPERATIONS WITH FARC AND THE EPL.
DECEMBER, 1989:
KIDNAPPED A BRITISH CITIZEN RESIDENT IN COLOMBIA WHO WAS INVOLVED
IN SUPPLYING ELECTRICAL POWER SUBSTATIONS TO OIL COMPANIES.  HIS
STATUS REMAINS UNKNOWN.
FEBRUARY, 1990:
KIDNAPPED THREE RESIDENT AMERICANS AS A PROTEST TO THE
ATTENDANCE OF PRESIDENT BUSH TO THE CARTAGENA DRUG SUMMIT.
VICTIMS RELEASED UNHARMED APPROXIMATELY TWO WEEKS AFTER THEY
HAD BEEN ABDUCTED.
MAY, 1990:
ATTACKED A CANADIAN-OWNED GOLD MINE NEAR ZARAGOZA, KILLED A
COLOMBIAN ENGINEER AND KIDNAPPED THREE COMPANY EXECUTIVES (TWO
COLOMBIANS AND A PERUVIAN).  THE ELN PROMISED TO RELEASE THEIR
HOSTAGES IF THE COMPANY WOULD CLOSE ITS DOORS.  THE COMPANY
STATED ITS INTENTION TO COMPLY AND THE HOSTAGES WERE RELEASED
UNHARMED TWO WEEKS AFTER THEY HAD BEEN ABDUCTED.
NOVEMBER, 1990:
KIDNAPPED TWO COLOMBIAN AND THREE AMERICAN EMPLOYEES OF AN
AMERICAN COMPANY.  ONE COLOMBIAN WAS QUICKLY RELEASED WITH A
MESSAGE TO THE AUTHORITIES.  THE OTHER VICTIMS WERE RELEASED
UNHARMED SEVERAL DAYS LATER AFTER THE REPORTED PAYMENT OF RANSOM.
JANUARY, 1991:
CONDUCTED A JOINT ATTACK WITH FARC ON A MAJOR FRENCH-COLOMBIAN
OIL PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT.  FORTY VEHICLES AND PIECES OF
HEAVY MACHINERY WERE DESTROYED, THE COLOMBIAN SECURITY CHIEF WAS
KILLED, AND THREE FRENCH ENGINEERS WERE KIDNAPPED.  THEY WERE
RELEASED UNHARMED IN JULY, 1991.
MAY, 1991:
KIDNAPPED SEVEN COLOMBIAN JOURNALISTS.  THREE DAYS AFTER THEY WERE
ABDUCTED, THE SEVEN WERE RELEASED AFTER BEING "INSTRUCTED."
SEPTEMBER, 1991:
MURDERED A SECURITY GUARD EMPLOYED BY A U.S. COMPANY.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE ELN HAS A LONG-STANDING STRATEGY OF CONDUCTING OPERATIONS
AGAINST THE ENERGY SECTOR.  ITS OBJECTIVE IS TWO-FOLD: TO
DEPRIVE THE GOVERNMENT OF REVENUES AND TO DRIVE OUT FOREIGN
FIRMS WHICH SYMBOLIZE COLOMBIA'S ALLEGED SUBSERVIENCE TO
"IMPERIALISM."  MANY OF THE ELN'S ATTACKS HAVE TARGETED THE
CANO LIMON-COVENAS CRUDE OIL PIPELINE.  THESE ATTACKS HAVE
BEEN SO NUMEROUS THAT IT WOULD BE UNWIELDY TO LIST THEM
INDIVIDUALLY.
YEAR                  PIPELINE ATTACKS
1987                      10
1988                      52
1989                      32
1990                      31
1991                      60
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE ABOVE INFORMATION IS DERIVED FROM STATE DEPARTMENT, DEPARTMENT OF
DEFENSE, AND PUBLIC MEDIA SOURCE DOCUMENTS.
Terror Groups 28
NESTOR PAZ ZAMORA COMMISSION
title
NESTOR PAZ ZAMORA COMMISSION
10/28/92
GP00015
KEY WORDS:
DESCRIPTION:
A RADICAL LEFTIST TERRORIST ORGANIZATION THAT FIRST APPEARED IN
OCTOBER, 1990.  IT IS NAMED AFTER THE DECEASED BROTHER OF PRESIDENT PAZ
ZAMORA.  IT CURRENTLY OPERATES UNDER THE UMBRELLA OF THE ELN (BOLIVIA); AND
IS A VIOLENT, EXTREMELY ANTI-U.S., MARXIST-LENINIST ORGANIZATION.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
STRENGTH:
UNKNOWN. PROBABLY FEWER THAN 100.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
EXTERNAL AID:
PERU'S MTRA (TUPAC AMARU) HAS PROVIDED TRAINING, LIMITED FUNDING, AND
LOGISTIC SUPPORT.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECTED INCIDENT CHHRONOLOGY
JUNE, 1990:
THE BOLIVIAN OWNER OF THE LA PAZ COCA-COLA BOTTLING COMPANY WAS
KIDNAPPED WHILE HE WAS BEING DRIVEN TO WORK IN DOWNTOWN LA PAZ. THE
VICTIM WAS MURDERED BY HIS CAPTORS ON DECEMBER 5, 1990, DURING A
RESCUE ATTEMPT BY BOLIVIA POLICE.
OCTOBER, 1990:
ATTACKED THE RESIDENCE OF THE U.S. EMBASSY'S MARINE SECURITY GUARD
DETACHMENT IN LA PAZ WITH AUTOMATIC WEAPONS AND EXPLOSIVES.  ONE
BOLIVIAN POLICE OFFICER STANDING GUARD AT THE MARINE HOUSE WAS
KILLED AND ANOTHER POLICE OFFICER WAS SERIOUSLY WOUNDED.  NONE OF
THE MARINES WERE INJURED.
OCTOBER, 1990:
BOMBED A MONUMENT TO U.S. PRESIDENT JOHN F. KENNEDY IN LA PAZ.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE ABOVE INFORMATION WAS DERIVED FROM DEPARTMENT OF STATE AND PUBLIC MEDIA
SOURCE DOCUMENTS.
Terror Groups 29
New People's Army (NPA)
title
New People's Army (NPA)
Description
The guerrilla arm of the Communist Party of the Philippines, an avowedly
Maoist group formed in December 1969 with the aim of overthrowing the
government through protracted guerrilla warfare.  Although primarily a
rural-based guerrilla group, the NPA has an active urban infrastructure to
carry out terrorism; uses citybased assassination squads called sparrow
units.  Derives most of its funding from contributions of supporters and so-
called revolutionary taxes extorted from local businesses.
Activities
The NPA is in disarray because of a split in the CPP, a lack of money, and
successful government operations.  With US military gone from the country,
NPA has engaged in urban terrorism against the police, corrupt politicians,
drug traffickers, and other targets that evoked popular anger.  Has vowed to
kill US citizens involved in counterinsurgency campaign.  Has assassinated
10 US military and private citizens since 1987.  Has also attacked US
businesses in rural areas that refused to pay so-called revolutionary taxes.
Strength
16,000, plus support groups.
Location/Area of Operation
Philippines.
External Aid
Receives funding from overseas fundraisers in Western Europe and elsewhere;
also linked to Libya.  Diverts some funding of humanitarian aid.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECTED INCIDENT CHRONOLOGY
APRIL, 1974:
MURDERED THREE U.S. NAVAL PERSONNEL NEAR SUBIC BAY NAVAL BASE.
SEPTEMBER, 1978:
MURDERED THE MAYOR OF KALINGA APAYO.
FEBRUARY, 1979:
MURDERED THE SON OF THE THEN-COMMANDING GENERAL OF THE PHILIPPINE
ARMY.
DECEMBER, 1981:
IMPLICATED IN KIDNAPPING THE SON-IN-LAW OF PRESIDENT FERDINAND
MARCOS; THE NPA DENIED INVOLVEMENT.
APRIL, 1982:
MURDERED THE MAYOR OF CALBAYOG CITY.
JULY, 1982:
IMPLICATED IN THE MURDERS OF THE MAYORS OF RIZAL AND DIGOS.
APRIL, 1983:
MURDERED THE POLICE CHIEF AND FIVE POLICE OFFICERS IN BARANGAY
TIBLAWAN.
NOVEMBER, 1983:
MURDERED THE MAYOR OF LUBA.
MAY, 1984:
ASSASSINATED BRIGADIER GENERAL KARNIXAL, POLICE COMMANDER OF
QUEZON CITY.  CLAIMED BY THE ALEX BONCAYO BRIGADE, AN ELITE SPARROW
UNIT OF THE NPA.
SEPTEMBER, 1984:
INFILTRATED A PRISON ARMORY ON LEYTE ISLAND, SEIZING AN UNSPECIFIED
NUMBER OF WEAPONS.
NOVEMBER, 1984 - JANUARY, 1985:
ASSASSINATED THE MAYORS OF ZAMBOANGA CITY AND SANTA ANA, THE
DEPUTY MAYOR OF LAPUYAN, AND THE POLICE CHIEF OF NUEVA ECIJA.
OCTOBER, 1987:
MURDERED TWO AMERICAN SERVICEMEN, AN AMERICAN RETIREE, AND A
FILIPINO BYSTANDER.  CLAIMED BY THE ALEX BONCAYO BRIGADE, AND LATER
BY THE NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC FRONT ON BEHALF OF THE NPA.
NOVEMBER, 1987:
TWO HUNDRED NPA GUERRILLAS ATTACKED TWO U.S. OWNED AND OPERATED
BANANA PLANTATIONS BURNING WAREHOUSES AND OTHER EQUIPMENT.  THIS
WAS THE SECOND NPA ATTACK ON THIS PLANTATION; THE FIRST HAVING
TAKEN PLACE IN AUGUST, 1987.
FEBRUARY, 1989:
NPA GUERRILLAS ATTACKED A MINING COMPANY OPERATION WITH MORTARS AND
SMALL ARMS.  THE FACILITY WAS RANSACKED AND THE ARMORY WAS LOOTED.
FIFTEEN SECURITY GUARDS, TWO CIVILIANS, AND EIGHT NPA REBELS DIED
IN THE ATTACK.
APRIL, 1989:
THE NPA ATTEMPTED TO AMBUSH A CONVOY OF U.S. AIR FORCE SECURITY
POLICE NEAR CLARK AIR FORCE BASE.  THE AMBUSH WAS ABORTED WHEN THE
CONVOY ARRIVED EARLY.  THE NPA GUERRILLAS FLED.
APRIL, 1989:
THE NPA ATTACKED A U.S.-PHILIPPINE COMMUNICATIONS FACILITY ATOP
MOUNT CABUYO.  THREE ELECTRICAL POWER PYLONS AND A COMMUNICATIONS
TRAILER WERE DAMAGED.
APRIL, 1989:
AN NPA UNIT ASSASSINATED U.S. ARMY COLONEL JAMES N. ROWE.  THE
VICTIM WAS ATTACKED WHILE BEING DRIVEN TO WORK.  THE DRIVER OF THE
VICTIM'S VEHICLE WAS WOUNDED.
APRIL, 1989:
NPA REBELS ATTACKED AN INTER-CITY FERRY FROM SPEED BOATS, ROBBING
PASSENGERS.
MAY, 1989:
KIDNAPPED A JAPANESE AID WORKER.
SEPTEMBER, 1989:
ASSASSINATED TWO FORD AEROSPACE TECHNICIANS AS THE VICTIMS DROVE
HOME FROM THEIR JOB AT CLARK AIR FORCE BASE.
DECEMBER, 1989:
TWO RIFLE GRENADES WERE FIRED INTO THE U.S. EMBASSY COMPOUND.  NO
INJURIES.
DECEMBER, 1989:
CARRIED OUT A RIFLE GRENADE AND SMALL ARMS ATTACK ON THE UNITED
STATES INFORMATION SERVICE (USIS) LIBRARY IN DAVAO CITY.  NO
INJURIES.
JANUARY, 1990:
DETONATED THREE BOMBS IN DAVAO CITY IN ONE DAY.  ONE OF THE
DEVICES DETONATED AT THE USIS FACILITY.
FEBRUARY, 1990:
ASSASSINATED AN AMERICAN CITIZEN, HIS FILIPINO WIFE AND HIS
FATHER-IN-LAW NEAR THE CITY OF TAGBILARAN.
MARCH, 1990:
MURDERED AN ELDERLY AMERICAN RANCHER FOR VICTIM'S REFUSAL TO PAY
THE NPA REVOLUTIONARY TAXES.
MAY, 1990:
A UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS NONCOMMISSIONED OFFICER WAS MURDERED
BY THE NPA IN OLONGAPO CITY NEAR SUBIC BAY NAVAL BASE.
MAY, 1990:
TWO U.S. AIR FORCE PERSONNEL WERE KILLED AND A THIRD ESCAPED UNHURT
WHEN THE NPA AMBUSHED THE THREE NEAR CLARK AIR FORCE BASE.
MAY, 1990:
TWO RIFLE GRENADES FIRED AT THE THOMAS JEFFERSON CULTURAL CENTER,
A USIS FACILITY, IN MANILA.
JUNE, 1990:
A U.S. PEACE CORPS VOLUNTEER WAS KIDNAPPED, HELD 49 DAYS, AND
RELEASED UNHARMED.
JULY, 1990:
SUSPECTED NPA MEMBERS DROVE BY THE USIS FACILITY IN DAVAO CITY,
SPRAYING IT WITH SMALL ARMS FIRE.  NO INJURIES.
SEPTEMBER, 1990:
NPA TERRORISTS BOMBED THE VOICE OF AMERICA (VOA) TRANSMITTER
ANTENNA SITE IN TARLAC PROVINCE. NO INJURIES.
NOVEMBER, 1990:
FIRED TWO RIFLE GRENADES AT THE U.S. EMBASSY IN MANILA.  NO
INJURIES.
JANUARY, 1991:
FIFTY NPA REBELS ATTACKED A PHILIPPINE POLICE BARRACKS NEAR THE
SITE OF A VOICE OF AMERICA TRANSMITTER SITE.  ATTEMPTED TO PLACE
EXPLOSIVE DEVICES ON TRANSMITTER ANTENNAS, BUT THE DEVICES WERE
DISARMED.
NOVEMBER, 1991:
AMBUSHED A PHILIPPINE ARMY PATROL, KILLING TWENTY TWO.
FEBRUARY, 1992:
AN NPA UNIT AMBUSHED A PHILIPPINE ARMY PATROL OF 100 TROOPS.  AT
LEAST THIRTY-SEVEN OF THE TROOPS WERE KILLED.  RELIABLE REPORTING
INDICATES THAT THE ATTACK WAS PARTICULARLY SAVAGE, WITH MANY OF
VICTIMS' CORPSES SHOWING CLEAR SIGNS OF MUTILATION.
MARCH, 1992:
PHILIPPINE POLICE RESCUED AN AMERICAN BUSINESSMAN WHO HAD BEEN
KIDNAPPED AND HELD HOSTAGE BY A GROUP CALLING ITSELF "RED SCORPION"
BELIEVED TO BE A FACTION OF THE NPA.
MARCH, 1992:
NPA IS SUSPECTED IN THE MURDER OF AN ASSISTANT DEAN OF A
UNIVERSITY LOCATED IN MANILA.  THE VICTIM WAS SHOT IN THE HEAD AS
HE WALKED TO WORK.
JUNE, 1992:
AN NPA UNIT RAIDED AN AMERICAN-OWNED FOOD PROCESSING PLANT IN
DAVAO, WRECKING EQUIPMENT AND KIDNAPPING FILIPINO EMPLOYEES.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE ABOVE INFORMATION WAS DERIVED FROM DEPARTMENT OF STATE, DEPARTMENT OF
DEFENSE AND PUBLIC MEDIA SOURCE DOCUMENTS.
Terror Groups 30
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
title
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
On September 9, 1993, in letters to Israeli Prime Minister Rabin and
Norwegian Foreign Minister Holst, PLO Chairman Arafat committed the PLO to
cease all violence and terrorism.  On September 13, 1993, the Declaration of
Principles between the Israelis and Palestinians was signed in Washington,
D.C.  Bewteen September 9 and December 31, the PLO factions loyal to Arafat
complied with this commitment except for one, perhaps two, instances in
which the responsible individuals apparently acted independently.  Two
groups under the PLO unbrella, the Popular Front for the Liberation of
Palestine (PFLP) and the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine -
Hawatmeh faction (DFLP-H), suspended their participation in the PLO in
protest of the agreement and continued their campaign of violence.  The
United States Government continues to monitor closely PLO compliance with
its commitment to abandon terrorism and violence.
Terror Groups 31
Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ)
title
Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ)
Description
The PIJ originated among militant Palestinian fundamentalists in the Gaza
Strip during the 1970s.  The PIJ is a series of loosely affiliated factions,
rather than a cohesive group.  The PIJ is committed to the creation of an
Islamic Palestinian state and the destruction of Israel through holy war.
Because of its strong support for Israel, the United States has been
identified as an enemy of the PIJ.  The PIJ also opposes moderate Arab
governments that it believes have been tainted by Western secularism.
Activities
The PIJ demonstrated its terrorist credentials when it attacked a tour bus
in Egypt in February 1990 and killed 11 people, including nine Israelis.
The PIJ also has carried out crossborder raids against Israeli targets in
the West Bank and Gaza Strip.  The PIJ has threatened to attack US interests
in Jordan.  PIJ agents were arrested in Egypt in September 1991 while
attempting to enter the country to conduct terrorism.
Strength
Unknown.
Location/Area of operation
Primarily Israel and the occupied territories and other parts of the Middle
East, including Jordan and Lebanon.
External Aid
Uncertain, possibly Iran and Syria.
1994:
More than 100 civilians died in Israel, the West Bank and Gaza last year due
to activities of HAMAS or PIJ (Palestinian Islamic Jihad).
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECTED INCIDENT CHRONOLOGY
JULY, 1989:
A PASSENGER ON A BUS GRABBED THE STEERING WHEEL CAUSING IT TO CRASH
KILLING SIXTEEN AND INJURING TWENTY FIVE ON THE ROAD BETWEEN TEL
AVIV AND JERUSALEM.  THE ARAB ATTACKER SURVIVED AND WAS SENTENCED
TO SIXTEEN LIFE SENTENCES.  THE PIJ CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE
ATTACK; HOWEVER, THE AFFILIATION OF THE PERPETRATOR HAS NOT BEEN
DEFINITIVELY ESTABLISHED.
FEBRUARY, 1990:
PIJ CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ATTACK OF AN ISRAELI TOUR BUS
ENROUTE FROM RAFFAH, ISRAEL TO CAIRO EGYPT.  THE ATTACK TOOK PLACE
IN THE SINAI PENINSULA.  ELEVEN PEOPLE WERE KILLED AND SEVENTEEN
WERE WOUNDED.
MAY, 1990:
A SUSPECTED PIJ MEMBER STABBED A SOVIET JEWISH IMMIGRANT TO DEATH
IN EAST JERUSALEM.
MAY, 1990:
SUSPECTED PIJ OPERATIVES ATTACKED A BUS IN AMMAN, JORDAN WOUNDING
NINE FRENCH TOURISTS.  ONE PALESTINIAN MAN WAS ARRESTED SHORTLY
AFTER THE ATTACK AND FIVE PIJ MEMBERS WERE ARRESTED IN JUNE, 1990,
FOR INVOLVEMENT IN THE ATTACK.  THERE WERE NO CLAIMS OF
RESPONSIBILITY.
MAY, 1990:
A PIPE-BOMB DETONATED AT A MARKET IN JERUSALEM, KILLING ONE AND
INJURING NINE PERSONS. PIJ AND SIX OTHER PALESTINIAN GROUPS CLAIMED
RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ATTACK.
OCTOBER, 1990:
A TERRORIST STABBED THREE ISRAELIS TO DEATH AND WOUNDED ANOTHER IN
JERUSALEM.  CLAIMED BY PIJ AND FORCE 17.
NOVEMBER, 1990:
A TERRORIST INFILTRATED ISRAEL FROM JORDAN AND KILLED AN ISRAELI
SOLDIER NEAR THE ALLENBY BRIDGE.  A FACTION OF THE PIJ CLAIMED
RESPONSIBILITY.
SEPTEMBER, 1991:
TWO PIJ MEMBERS WERE ARRESTED BY EGYPTIAN AUTHORITIES AT THE PORT
OF NUWAYBI.  TWO ROCKET LAUNCHERS WERE SEIZED.  THE SUSPECTS
ADMITTED THAT THEY PLANNED TO ATTACK AN EGYPTIAN CRUISE SHIP ON THE
NILE.  THE PIJ ACKNOWLEDGED THAT THE SUSPECTS WERE MEMBERS OF THE
GROUP.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE ABOVE INFORMATION IS DERIVED FROM DEPARTMENT OF STATE AND PUBLIC MEDIA
SOURCE DOCUMENTS.
Terror Groups 32
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP)
title
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP)
Description
Marxist-Leninist group that is a member of the PLO founded in 1967 by George
Habash.  After Fatah, is the most important military and political
organization in the Palestinian movement.  Advocates a Pan-Arab revolution.
Opposes the Declaration of Principles signed in 1993 and has suspended
participation in the PLO.
Activities
Committed numerous international terrorist attacks between 1970 and 1977.
Since the death in 1978 of Wadi Haddad, its terrorist planner, PFLP has
carried out numerous attacks against Israeli or moderate Arab tarqets.
Strength
800.
Location/Area of Operation
Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and the occupied territories.
External Aid
Receives most of its financial and military assistance from Syria and Libya.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECTED INCIDENT CHRONOLOGY
JULY, 1968:
HIJACKED AN EL AL AIRLINER ENROUTE FROM ROME TO ISRAEL.
SEPTEMBER, 1969:
CONDUCTED SIMULTANEOUS HIJACKINGS OF THREE AIRLINERS.  TWO WERE
FLOWN TO JORDAN AND ONE TO EGYPT, AND ALL THREE WERE BLOWN UP
BEFORE TELEVISION CAMERAS.
MAY, 1972:
EMPLOYED JAPANESE RED ARMY TERRORISTS TO CONDUCT A MACHINEGUN
ATTACK IN THE ARRIVALS HALL OF THE LOD (BEN GURION) AIRPORT
INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT IN ISRAEL.  TWENTY SEVEN CIVILIANS, INCLUDING
SIXTEEN PUERTO RICAN TOURISTS VISITING THE HOLY LAND, WERE KILLED.
JULY, 1973:
HIJACKED A JAPANESE AIRLINER TO LIBYA AND BLEW IT UP.
DECEMBER, 1974:
THREW HANDGRENADES INTO A CROWDED TEL AVIV THEATER, KILLING THREE
AND WOUNDING TWENTY-FOUR.
JUNE, 1976:
HIJACKED AN AIR FRANCE AIRLINER TO ENTEBBE, UGANDA, WHERE FOUR
CIVILIANS WERE KILLED DURING THE RESCUE OPERATION BY ISRAELI
FORCES.
AUGUST, 1976:
KILLED FOUR PASSENGERS ON AN EL AL AIRLINER IN ISTANBUL.
OCTOBER, 1977:
HIJACKED A LUFTHANSA AIRLINER TO MOGADISHU, SOMALIA, DEMANDING THE
RELEASE OF TERRORISTS HELD IN WEST GERMAN PRISONS.  WEST GERMAN
BORDER POLICE TROOPS (GSG-9) STORMED THE PLANE, KILLING THREE
TERRORISTS AND CAPTURING A FOURTH.  THE HIJACKING WAS CONDUCTED BY
GERMAN AS WELL AS PFLP OPERATIVES.
APRIL, 1979:
AFTER A FOILED ATTEMPT TO TAKE OVER AN EL AL AIRCRAFT AT
ZAVENTEM AIRPORT IN BRUSSELS, THE PFLP OPERATIVES THREW A GASOLINE
BOMB AND A HAND GRENADE INTO A VISITOR'S CAFE, WOUNDING FIVE
BELGIANS; THEN ENTERED AN AIRPORT RESTAURANT, SHOOTING AND
WOUNDING SEVEN CUSTOMERS.
MARCH, 1984:
KILLED THREE PASSENGERS IN AN ATTACK ON A BUS IN ASHDOD, ISRAEL.
APRIL, 1984:
KILLED ONE AND WOUNDED EIGHT PASSENGERS IN A BUS HIJACKING IN
ASHKELON, ISRAEL.
MAY, 1985:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR BOMBING AN ISRAELI BUS.
NOVEMBER, 1986:
STABBED TO DEATH A TWENTY TWO YEAR OLD YESHIVA STUDENT ON A STREET
IN THE OLD CITY OF JERUSALEM.
MAY, 1987:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR A ROCKET ATTACK ON THE TOWN OF METALLAH
IN THE NORTHERN GALILEE.
JUNE, 1989:
POSSIBLY RESPONSIBLE FOR THE KIDNAPPING OF THE AMERICAN DIRECTOR OF
A RELIEF AGENCY IN THE GAZA STRIP.  THE VICTIM WAS EVENTUALLY
RELEASED UNHARMED.  THE KIDNAPPER WAS KILLED IN A SHOOT OUT WITH
ISRAELI SECURITY FORCES.
NOVEMBER, 1990:
PFLP GUERRILLAS CLASHED WITH ISRAELI DEFENSE FORCES INSIDE ISRAEL'S
SELF-DECLARED SECURITY ZONE IN SOUTHERN LEBANON.  FIVE ISRAELI
SOLDIERS AND TWO PFLP GUERRILLAS WERE KILLED.
DECEMBER, 1990:
AN ISRAELI BORDER POLICEMAN WAS SHOT AND SERIOUSLY WOUNDED WHILE HE
WAS MONITORING A DEMONSTRATION AT A REFUGEE CAMP IN THE GAZA STRIP.
THE PFLP CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY.
JANUARY, 1991:
A PAN AMERICAN AIRLINES OFFICE IN TURIN, ITALY WAS FIREBOMBED.
A PERSON CLAIMING TO REPRESENT THE PFLP CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY.
JULY, 1991:
AN ISRAELI MOTORIST WAS SHOT AND WOUNDED WHILE DRIVING IN THE GAZA.
THE PFLP AND DFLP CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY.
OCTOBER, 1991:
TERRORISTS ATTACKED A BUS IN THE GAZA, KILLING TWO ISRAELI SETTLERS
AND WOUNDING FIVE. THE PFLP CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FROM DAMASCUS.
JANUARY, 1992:
AN ISRAELI BUS AND CAR DRIVING IN THE WEST BANK WERE ATTACKED NEAR
THE TOWN OF RAMALLAH.  SIX SETTLERS WERE WOUNDED.  BOTH THE PFLP
AND THE PIJ CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE ABOVE INFORMATION IS DERIVED FROM DEPARTMENT OF STATE, DEFENSE DEPARTMENT
AND PUBLIC MEDIA SOURCE DOCUMENTS.
Terror Groups 33
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command (PFLP-GC)
title
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command (PFLP-GC)
Description
Split from the PFLP in 1968, claiming that it wanted to focus more on
fighting and less on politics.  Violently opposed to Arafat's PLO.  Led by
Ahmed Jabril, a former captain in the Syrian Army.  Closely allied with,
supported by, and probably directed by Syria.
Activities
Claims to have specialized in suicide operations.  Has carried out numerous
cross-border terrorist attacks into Israel, using unusual means, such as
hot-air balloons and motorized hang gliders.  Hafiz Kassem Dalkamoni, a
ranking PFLP-GC official, was convicted in Germany in June 1991 for bombing
US troop trains.  He faces additional charges in Germany for other terrorist
offenses, including manslaughter.
Strength
Several hundred.
Location/Area of Operation
Headquarters in Damascus with bases in Lebanon and cells in Europe.
External Aid
Receives logistic and military support from Syria, its chief sponsor.
Financial support from Libya.  Safehaven in Syria . Support also from Iran.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
BACKGROUND:
AHMED JIBRIL FORMED THE POPULAR FRONT FOR THE LIBERATION OF PALESTINE-
GENERAL COMMAND IN 1968 WHEN HE BECAME DISENCHANTED WITH GEORGE HABASH'S
LEADERSHIP OF THE POPULAR FRONT FOR THE LIBERATION OF PALESTINE (PFLP).  AN
OFFICER IN THE SYRIAN ARMY, JIBRIL WAS INITIALLY INTERESTED IN DEVELOPING
CONVENTIONAL MILITARY CAPABILITIES TO COMPLEMENT PFLP-GC TERRORIST
ACTIVITIES.  AS A RESULT THE PFLP-GC HAS ALWAYS BEEN KNOWN FOR ITS
CONVENTIONAL MILITARY EXPERTISE.  IN ADDITION TO GROUND INFILTRATION
CAPABILITIES, THE PFLP-GC HAS WORKED TOWARD DEVELOPING AIR AND NAVAL
INFILTRATION CAPABILITIES AS WELL.
PFLP-GC TERRORIST ACTIVITIES HAVE INCLUDED THE USE OF LETTER BOMBS AND
CONDUCTING MAJOR CROSS-BORDER OPERATIONS DIRECTED AT ISRAELI TARGETS.  THE
PFLP-GC HAS ALSO SHARED ITS TERRORIST EXPERTISE WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL
TERRORIST GROUPS, SUCH AS THE ARMENIAN SECRET ARMY FOR THE LIBERATION OF
ARMENIA, AS WELL AS EUROPEAN GROUPS WHICH HAVE SENT MEMBERS TO LEBANON FOR
TRAINING.
THE PFLP-GC ARSENAL INCLUDES SOPHISTICATED WEAPONRY SUCH AS SOVIET SA-7
ANTIAIRCRAFT MISSILES, HEAVY ARTILLERY, AND LIGHT AIRCRAFT SUCH AS MOTORIZED
HANG GLIDERS AND ULTRA LIGHTS.  THE COMMUNIST BLOC COUNTRIES PROVIDED SMALL
ARMS SUCH AS KALASHNIKOV ASSAULT RIFLES AND RPG-7 ANTITANK ROCKETS, BUT SYRIA
AND LIBYA MAY HAVE SERVED AS CONDUITS FOR SUCH SUPPORT.
THE PFLP-GC ACTIVELY PARTICIPATED IN THE LEBANESE CONFLICT, INCLUDING
SNIPING ATTACKS THAT INJURED U.S. MARINES WHO WERE MEMBERS OF THE PEACE
KEEPING FORCES IN BEIRUT IN 1982-83.  IN ADDITION, THE GROUP ATTACKED
ISRAELI CITIZENS AND INTERESTS THROUGH OPERATIONS LAUNCHED FROM LEBANON.  THE
PFLP-GC HAS ALSO OCCASIONALLY RECRUITED WEST BANK PALESTINIANS TO CONDUCT
TERROROIST OPERATIONS INSIDE ISRAEL.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECTED INCIDENT CHRONOLOGY
JULY, 1968:
HIJACKED AN EL AL AIRLINER ENROUTE FROM ROME TO TEL AVIV, DIVERTING
IT TO ALGERIA.  THE HIJACKERS DEMANDED THE RELEASE OF 1,000
PRISONERS HELD IN ISRAEL.  WEEKS LATER, THE GOVERNMENT OF ISRAEL
RELEASED 16 ARAB INFILTRATORS AS A "HUMANITARIAN" GESTURE."
FEBRUARY, 1969:
MACHINEGUNNED AN EL AL AIRLINER AS IT WAS ABOUT TO TAKE OFF FROM
ZURICH TO TEL AVIV.
AUGUST, 1969:
HIJACKED A TWA AIRLINER ENROUTE TO ATHENS AND TEL AVIV AND FORCED
IT TO LAND IN DAMASCUS, WHERE THE PASSENGERS WERE EVACUATED AND THE
AIRCRAFT DESTROYED WITH AN EXPLOSIVE DEVICE.
APRIL, 1974:
ATTACKED QIRYAT SHEMONA, ISRAEL, KILLING EIGHTEEN AND WOUNDING
SIXTEEN IN AN APARTMENT BUILDING.  THE THREE TERRORISTS ALSO KILLED
TWO MEMBERS OF THE ISRAELI ASSAULT FORCE THAT ENGAGED IN A FOUR
HOUR GUN BATTLE WITH THE TERRORISTS.  ALL THREE TERRORISTS WERE
KILLED, PROBABLY BY THEIR OWN GRENADES.  THE INTENTION OF THE
OPERATION WAS TO SECURE THE RELEASE OF 100 CAPTURED PALESTINIANS
BEING HELD IN ISRAELI PRISONS.
APRIL, 1978:
KIDNAPPED AN ISRAELI SOLDIER IN SOUTHERN LEBANON.  IN MARCH, 1979,
ISRAEL EXCHANGED SIXTY SIX ARAB PRISONERS FOR THE SOLDIER AND TEN
OTHERS IN THE OCCUPIED TERRITORIES.
SEPTEMBER, 1982:
SEIZED THREE ISRAELI SOLDIERS IN BEIRUT, HOLDING THEM UNTIL MAY,
1985, AND THEN EXCHANGED THEM FOR 1,150 PALESTINIAN PRISONERS HELD
BY ISRAEL.
APRIL, 1986:
A MEMBER OF THE PFLP-GC THREW A FIRE BOMB AT A BUS IN JERUSALEM.
THE GROUP CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY IN DAMASCUS.
NOVEMBER, 1987:
A MEMBER OF THE GROUP SUCCESSFULLY INFILTRATED ISRAEL FROM LEBANON
USING A HANG GLIDER, KILLING SIX ISRAELI SOLDIERS AND WOUNDING
SEVEN BEFORE BEING KILLED.
OCTOBER, 1988:
WEST GERMAN POLICE ARRESTED 14 MEMBERS OF THE PFLP-GC, SEIZING
WEAPONS, SEMTEX, AND EXPLOSIVE DEVICES.
NOVEMBER, 1990:
A PFLP-GC TEAM ATTEMPTED TO INFILTRATE ISRAEL BY A SPEEDBOAT.  THE
TERRORISTS WERE INTERCEPTED BY THE ISRAELIS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN
SEA NORTH OF TYRE, LEBANON.  THE SPEEDBOAT WAS DESTROYED AND ALL
FIVE ABOARD WERE KILLED.  THE PFLP-GC CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE ABOVE INFORMATION WAS DERIVED FROM DEPARTMENT OF STATE, DEPARTMENT OF
DEFENSE, AND PUBLIC MEDIA SOURCE DOCUMENTS.
Terror Groups 34
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-Special Command (PFLP-SC)
title
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-Special Command (PFLP-SC)
Description
Marxist-Leninist group formed by Abu Salim in 1979 after breaking away from
the now defunct PFLP-Special Operations Group.
Activities
Has claimed responsibility for several notorious international terrorist
attacks in Western Europe, including the bombing of a restaurant frequented
by US servicemen in Torrejon, Spain, in April 1985.  Eighteen Spanish
civilians were killed in the attack.
Strength
Location/Area of Operation
Operates out of southern Lebanon, in various areas of the Middle East, and
in Western Europe.
External Aid
Probably receives financial and military support from Syria, Libya, and
Iraq.
Terror Groups 35
Popular Struggle Front (PSF)
title
    Popular Struggle Front (PSF)
Description
Radical Palestinian terrorist group once closely involved in the Syrian-
dominated Palestinian National Salvation Front.  Led by Dr. Samir Ghosheh.
Rejoined the PLO in September 1991.  Group is internally divided over the
Declaration of Principles signed in 1993.
Activities
Terrorist attacks against Israeli, moderate Arab, and PLO targets.
Strength
Fewer than 300.
Location/Area of Operation
Mainly Syria and Lebanon, and elsewhere in the Middle East.
External Aid
Receives support from Syria and may now receive aid from the PLO.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECTED INCIDENT CHRONOLOGY
MAY, 1975:
BOMBED EIN FESH'HA, AN ISRAELI RESORT.
JUNE-JULY, 1975:
KIDNAPPED A U.S. ARMY COLONEL IN BEIRUT AND TURNED HIM OVER TO THE
THE POPULAR FRONT FOR THE LIBERATION OF PALESTINE - GENERAL
COMMAND (PFLP-GC) AFTER FOOD WAS DELIVERED TO PALESTINIAN REFUGEE
CAMPS IN BEIRUT.
MARCH, 1979:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR AN EXPLOSION ON A TOURIST BUS AT THE
INTERCONTINENTAL HOTEL IN JERUSALEM, AND ATTEMPTED AN OPERATION,
PROBABLY INTENDED TO BE A HOSTAGE TAKING, ON THE WEST BANK, TO
PROTEST THE VISIT OF U.S. PRESIDENT CARTER TO EGYPT AND ISRAEL.
JUNE, 1985:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR A ROCKET ATTACK ON THE NORTHERN ISRAEL
TOWN OF METULLAH.
SEPTEMBER, 1985:
FALSELY CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR AN ATTACK ON A HOTEL SWIMMING
POOL IN ATHENS.  THE PSF MEMBER WHO MADE THE CLAIM FALSELY STATED
THAT SEVENTY FIVE AMERICAN SOLDIERS WERE KILLED OR WOUNDED IN THE
ATTACK.  DESPITE THE PSF CLAIM, THE ABU NIDAL ORGANIZATION IS
BELIEVED RESPONSIBLE FOR THE INCIDENT, IN WHICH EIGHTEEN DEAF-MUTE
BRITISH TOURISTS WERE WOUNDED.
APRIL, 1987:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR A ROCKET ATTACK ON NORTHERN ISRAEL.
NOVEMBER, 1990:
INTERCEPTED BY AN ISRAELI PATROL IN LEBANON'S SOUTHERN REGION -
ISRAEL'S SELF DECLARED "SECURITY ZONE."  FOUR PSF MEMBERS AND ONE
ISRAELI SOLDIER WERE KILLED.
JANUARY, 1992:
THE PPSF CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR BOMBING A SUPERMARKET IN
JERUSALEM.  NO INJURIES.
APRIL, 1992:
SAMIR GHOWSHEH, A MEMBER OF THE PLO EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, WAS
EXPELLED FROM THE PSF.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE ABOVE INFORMATION WAS DERIVED FROM STATE DEPARTMENT, DEPARTMENT OF
DEFENSE, AND PUBLIC MEDIA SOURCE DOCUMENTS.
Terror Groups 36
PPalestine Liberation Front (PLF)
title
Palestine Liberation Front (PLF)
Description
Terrorist group that broke away from the PFLP-GC in mid-1970s.  Later split
again into pro-PLO, pro-Syrian, and pro-Libyan factions.  Pro-PLO faction
led by Muhammad Abbas (Abu Abbas), who became member of PLO Executive
Committee in 1984 but left the Executive Committee in 1991.
Activities
Abu Abbas-led faction carried out abortive seaborne attack staged from Libya
against Israel on 30 May 1990.  Abbas's group was also responsible for
October 1985 attack on the cruise ship Achille Lauro and the murder of US
citizen Leon Klinghoffer.  A warrant for Abu Abbas's arrest is outstanding
in Italy.  Others involved in the hijacking are wanted elsewhere.  Openly
supported Iraq during Gulf war.
Strength
At least 50.
Location/Area of Operation
PLO faction based in Tunisia until Achille Lauro attack.  Now based in Iraq.
External Aid
Receives logistic and military support mainly from PLO, but also Libya and
Iraq.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECTED INCIDENT CHRONOLOGY
JULY, 1978:
KIDNAPPED 51 UNIFIL SOLDIERS IN TYRE; FORCED BY FATAH TO RELEASE
THEM SEVERAL HOURS LATER.
SEPTEMBER, 1978:
THREE PLF TERRORISTS WERE CAPTURED IN NORTHERN ISRAEL.  THEY HAD
INTENDED A HOSTAGE TAKING OPERATION WITH THE GOAL OF SEEKING THE
RELEASE OF PLF PRISONERS HELD IN ISRAEL.
APRIL, 1979:
FOUR PLF OPERATIVES LANDED FROM THE SEA NEAR NAHARIYAH, INTENDING
TO SEIZE ISRAELI HOSTAGES TO BE USED IN EXCHANGE FOR TERRORISTS
BEING HELD BY THE ISRAELIS.  THE TERRORISTS KILLED A MAN AND HIS
DAUGHTER IN THEIR APARTMENT, AS WELL AS AN ISRAELI POLICEMAN.  TWO
TERRORISTS WERE KILLED DURING THE FIGHTING AND TWO WERE CAPTURED.
AUGUST, 1979:
ATTEMPTED UNSUCCESSFULLY TO INFILTRATE ISRAEL BY SEA NEAR ROSH
HANIQRA.  THREE TERRORISTS WERE CAPTURED AND ONE KILLED.
JULY, 1980:
ATTEMPTED UNSUCCESSFULLY TO INFILTRATE ISRAEL USING A HOT-AIR
BALLOON.  THE BALLOON EXPLODED AFTER TAKING OFF, KILLING ONE
TERRORIST.
MARCH, 1981:
ATTEMPTED TO SEND TWO ONE-MAN HANG GLIDERS INTO ISRAEL.  BOTH WERE
CAPTURED.
APRIL, 1981:
ATTEMPTED UNSUCCESSFULLY TO INFILTRATE ISRAEL USING A HOT-AIR
BALLOON.  THE BALLOON WAS SHOT DOWN, AND TWO PLF OPERATIVES WERE
KILLED.  DOCUMENTS FOUND ON THE TERRORISTS INDICATED THAT THEIR
MISSION WAS TO TAKE HOSTAGES IN EXCHANGE FOR IMPRISONED PLF
MEMBERS IN ISRAEL.
JUNE, 1984:
A SQUAD FROM THE GHANEM FACTION OF THE PLF WAS CAPTURED IN NORTHERN
ISRAEL, BELIEVED TO BE ON A HOSTAGE-TAKING OPERATION.
OCTOBER, 1985:
HIJACKED THE ITALIAN CRUISE SHIP "ACHILLE LAURO."  AFTER HOLDING
HOSTAGES FOR 2 DAYS AND MURDERING ONE WHEELCHAIR-BOUND U.S.
PASSENGER, THE TERRORIST TEAM AND ABU ABBAS SURRENDERED TO THE
EGYPTIANS IN EXCHANGE FOR A PROMISE OF SAFE PASSAGE.  THEY WERE
APPREHENDED AT A NATO AIR BASE IN SICILY AFTER U.S. AIRCRAFT
INTERCEPTED AND FORCED DOWN THE EGYPTIAN AIRLINER THAT WAS FLYING
THE TERRORISTS TO SAFEHAVEN.  ABU ABBAS WAS SOON RELEASED BY THE
ITALIANS.  THE FOUR PLF TERRORISTS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE HIJACKING
WERE CONVICTED OF THEIR CRIMES AND SENTENCED TO PRISON.
MAY, 1990:
ISRAELI MILITARY FORCES FOILED AN ATTEMPT BY PLF TERRORISTS TO LAND
ON AN ISRAELI BEACH.  THE PLAN OF THE TERRORISTS WERE TO ATTACK
AND OCCUPY HOTELS ON THE TEL AVIV BEACH FRONT.
MAY, 1992:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR AN ATTEMPT TO RAID THE ISRAELI RED SEA
RESORT OF EILAT.  KILLED A SECURITY GUARD BEFORE ISRAELI MILITARY
KILLED ONE AND WOUNDED ONE TERRORIST.  BELIEVED TO HAVE ATTEMPTED
TO SWIM FROM AQABA IN JORDAN ALONG THE COAST LINE TO EILAT.  COMES
EXACTLY TWO YEARS AFTER ATTEMPT IN MAY 1990 (5/30) TO ATTACK BEACH
AT TEL AVIV.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE ABOVE INFORMATION IS DERIVED FROM MULTIPLE STATE DEPARTMENT, DEPARTMENT
OF DEFENSE AND PUBLIC MEDIA SOURCE DOCUMENTS.
Terror Groups 37
Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA)
title
Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA)
aka:  The Provos
Description
A radical terrorist group formed in 1969 as the clandestine armed wing of
Sinn Fein, a legal political movement dedicated to removing British forces
from Northern Ireland and unifying Ireland.  Has a Marxist orientation.
Organized into small, tightly knit cells under the leadership of the Army
Council.
Activities
Bombings, assassinations, kidnappings, extortion, and robberies.  Targets
senior British Government officials, British military and police in Northern
Ireland, and Northern Irish Loyalist paramilitary groups.  PIRA's operations
on mainland Britain in 1993 included a large truck bombing in London's
financial district and a major bombing campaign against train and subway
stations and shopping areas.
Strength
Several hundred, plus several thousand sympathizers.
Location/Area of Operation
Northern Ireland, Irish Republic, Great Britain, and Western Europe.
External Aid
Has received aid from a variety of groups and countries and considerable
training and arms from Libya and, at one time, the PLO.  Also is suspected
of receiving funds and arms from sympathizers in the United States.
Similarities in operations suggest links with ETA.
Terror Groups 38
Puka Inti (Sol Rojo
title
Puka Inti (Sol Rojo, Red Sun)
Description
Small but violent subversive group probably formed from dissident members of
AVC guerrilla organization, which made peace with the Ecuadoran Government
in 1989.  Believed to be anti-US.
Activities
Series of bombings of government buildings have been attributed to Puka
Inti, but group appears to lack resources to expand much beyond current
strength.
Strength
Very small, perhaps fewer than 50.
External Aid
None.
Terror Groups 39
Red Army Faction (RAF)
title
Red Army Faction (RAF)
Description
The small and disciplined RAF is the successor to the Baader-Meinhof Gang,
which originated in the student protest movement in the 1960s.  Ideology is
an obscure mix of Marxism and Maoism; committed to armed struggle. organized
into hardcore cadres that carry out terrorist attacks and a network of
supporters who provide logistic and propaganda support.  Has survived
despite numerous arrests of top leaders over the years.
Activities
Bombings, assassinations, kidnappings, and robberies.  With decline of world
communism, has had trouble recruiting replacements for jailed members.  Now
concentrating on domestic targets, particularly officials involved in German
or European unification and German security and justice officials.  Carried
out one operation in 1993, destroying a new prison with 600 pounds of
commercial explosives.  Police shootout with two members ended in death of
GSG-9 officer and group member Wolfgang Grams.  Group temporarily gaivanized
afterward.  RAF has targeted US and NATO facilities in the past.  During
Gulf war, RAF shot up US Embassy in Bonn with assault rifle rounds.  There
were no casualties, however.
Strength
Ten to 20, plus several hundred supporters.
Location/Area of Operations
Germany.
External Aid
Self-sustaining, but during Baader-Meinhof period received support from
Middle Eastern terrorists.  East Germany gave logistic support, sanctuary,
and training during the 1980s.
2 September 1993
Italy
Three terrorists threw a handgrenade over the fence and also fired shots at
the U.S. Air Force Base at Aviano.  The Red Brigades terrorist group later
claimed responsibility.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECTED INCIDENT CHRONOLOGY
MAY, 1972:
CARRIED OUT SIX SEPARATE BOMBING ATTACKS, KILLING ONE AND INJURING
THIRTEEN, AT A U.S. OFFICERS CLUB IN FRANKFURT; BOMBED THE
VEHICLE OF GERMAN SUPREME COURT JUSTICE BUDDENBURG, SERIOUSLY
INJURING HIS WIFE; AND KILLED THREE AND WOUNDED FIVE IN A BLAST AT
THE U.S. ARMY EUROPEAN HEADQUARTERS IN HEIDELBERG.
NOVEMBER, 1974:
MURDERED GERMAN SUPREME COURT PRESIDENT GUENTHER VON DRENKMANN.
FEBRUARY, 1975:
KIDNAPPED TWO LEADING GERMAN POLITICIANS TO FORCE THE RELEASE OF
SIX IMPRISONED TERRORISTS.
APRIL, 1977:
AMBUSHED AND MURDERED GERMAN FEBERAL PROSECUTOR SIEGFRIED BUBACK,
HIS CHAUFFEUR, AND A POLICE BODYGUARD.
SEPTEMBER, 1977:
KIDNAPPED GERMAN BUSINESSMAN HANNS-MARTIN SCHLEYER AND KILLED HIS
CHAUFFEUR AND THREE POLICE GUARDS.  WHILE THE RAF WAS HOLDING
SCHLEYER, THE POPULAR FRONT FOR THE LIBERATION OF PALESTINE
HIJACKED A LUFTHANSA AIRCRAFT IN A SUPPORTING OPERATION. AFTER
GERMAN COUNTER TERRORIST FORCES SUCCESSFULLY FOILED THE HIJACKING
AT MOGADISHU, SOMALIA, THE RAF MURDERED SCHLEYER.
JUNE, 1979:
ATTEMPTED ASSASSINATION OF NATO COMMANDER GENERAL ALEXANDER HAIG,
WITH A BOMB CONCEALED UNDER A BRIDGE IN OBOURG, BELGIUM.  THE BOMB
EXPLODED BETWEEN GENERAL HAIG'S CAR AND AN ESCORT VEHICLE, WOUNDING
TWO GUARDS.
AUGUST, 1981:
BOMBED THE U.S. AIR FORCE HEADQUARTERS IN RAMSTEIN, INJURING 18
AMERICANS AND TWO GERMANS.
SEPTEMBER, 1981:
FIRED TWO RPG-7 GRENADES AT U.S. ARMY EUROPEAN COMMANDING GENERAL
KROESSEN'S CAR, SLIGHTLY INJURING THE GENERAL AND HIS WIFE.
DECEMBER, 1984:
BOMBED THE EMBASSY OF FRANCE IN BONN AND ATTEMPTED TO BOMB THE NATO
SCHOOL IN OBERAMMERGAU.
JANUARY, 1985:
FIREBOMBED THE HOME OF THE U.S. CONSUL GENERAL IN FRANKFURT AND THE
U.S. AIRFIELD AT HEIDELBERG.  ALSO FIREBOMBED A NUMBER OF WEST
GERMAN GOVERNMENT FACILITIES THROUGHOUT GERMANY.
FEBRUARY, 1985:
INVADED THE HOME OF WEST GERMAN BUSINESSMAN ERNST ZIMMERMANN AND
SHOT HIM IN THE HEAD.
MARCH, 1985:
INJURED NINE WITH A BOMB BLAST AT A DEPARTMENT STORE IN DORTMUND.
AUGUST, 1985:
DETONATED A CAR BOMB AT THE RHEIN MAIN AIR BASE, KILLING TWO AND
INJURING SEVENTEEN.  THE TERRORISTS KILLED AN OFF DUTY U.S.
SERVICEMAN THE NIGHT BEFORE THE BOMBING AND USED HIS MILITARY
IDENTIFICATION TO GAIN ACCESS TO THE BASE.
APRIL, 1986:
BELIEVED RESPONSIBLE FOR BOMBING THE NATO PIPELINE NEAR VOLLERSODE.
MAY, 1986:
SEVERELY DAMAGED A U.S. MILITARY FUEL PUMPING STATION AND
DESTROYED TWO TRUCKS WITH A BOMB THAT ALSO IGNITED OVER 1,000
GALLONS OF FUEL.
JULY, 1986:
MURDERED KARL-HEINZ BECKURTS, DIRECTOR OF RESEARCH OF THE SIEMENS
ELECTRONICS COMPANY, AND HIS CHAUFFEUR, WITH A REMOTELY DETONATED
BOMB.  THE RAF CLAIMED THAT IT HAD CARRIED OUT THE OPERATION
BECAUSE OF BECKURTS' ADVOCACY OF NUCLEAR ENERGY AND HIS RESEARCH
PARTICIPATION IN THE STRATEGIC DEFENSE INITIATIVE (SDI) PROJECT.
OCTOBER, 1986:
MURDERED GEROLD VON BRAUNMUEHL, HEAD OF THE FOREIGN MINISTRY'S
POLITICAL DEPARTMENT.  HE WAS SHOT IN FRONT OF HIS HOME IN BONN.
SEPTEMBER, 1988:
ATTEMPTED ASSASSINATION OF WEST GERMAN FINANCE MINISTER.
NOVEMBER, 1989:
ALFRED HERRHAUSEN, DIRECTOR OF THE DEUTSCHE BANK, WEST
GERMANY'S LARGEST BANK, MURDERED WHEN THE RAF DETONATED A ROAD SIDE
BOMB AS THE VICTIM'S CAR PASSED.
JULY, 1990:
ATTEMPTED TO ASSASSINATE AN OFFICIAL OF THE GERMAN MINISTRY OF
THE INTERIOR.
FEBRUARY, 1991:
FIRED SEVERAL SHOTS AT THE COMPOUND OF THE U.S. EMBASSY IN BONN.
APRIL, 1991:
ASSASSINATED DETLEV ROHWEDDER, THE CHIEF OF THE GERMAN GOVERNMENT
AGENCY RESPONSIBLE FOR SELLING-OFF STATE OWNED PROPERTY IN THE
FORMER GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC (EAST GERMANY).
JULY, 1991:
CONDUCTED AN ARSON ATTACK ON A RENAULT DELIVERY FACILITY IN
BRUEHL (NEAR COLOGNE).
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE ABOVE INFORMATION WAS DERIVED FROM DEPARTMENT OF STATE, DEPARTMENT OF
DEFENSE, AND PUBLIC MEDIA SOURCE DOCUMENTS.
Terror Groups 40
Red Brigades (BR)
title
Red Brigades (BR)
Description
Formed in 1969, the Marxist-Leninist BR seeks to create a revolutionary
state through armed struggle and to separate Italy from the Western
Alliance.  In 1984 split into two factions: the Communist Combatant Party
(BR-PCC) and the Union of Combatant Communists (BR-UCC).
Activities
Original group concentrated on assassination and kidnapping of Italian
Government and private-sector targets; it murdered former Prime Minister
Aldo Moro in 1978, kidnapped US Army BGen. James Dozier in 1981, and claimed
responsibility for murdering Leamon Hunt, US chief of the Sinai
Multinational Force and Observer Group, in 1984.  The group had been largely
inactive since Italian and French authorities arrested many of its members
in 1989.
Strength
Probably fewer than 50, plus an unknown number of supporters.
Location/Area of Operation
Based and operates in Italy.  Some members probably living clandestinely in
other European countries.
External Aid
Currently unknown; original group apparently was self-sustaining but
probably received weapons from other Western European terrorist groups and
from the PLO.
Terror Groups 41
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC)
title
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC)
Description
Established in 1966 as military wing of Colombian Communist Party.  Goal is
to overthrow government and ruling class.  Organized along military lines;
includes at least one urban front.
Activities
Armed attacks against Colombian political and military targets.  Many
members have become criminals, carrying out kidnappings for profit and bank
robberies.  Foreign citizens often are targets of FARC kidnappings.  Group
traffics in drugs and has welldocumented ties to narcotraffickers.
Strength
Approximately 4,500 to 5,500 armed combatants and an unknown number of
supporters, mostly in rural areas.
Location/Area of Operation
Colombia.
External Aid
None.
31 January 1993
Panama
A large group of FARC terrorists from Colombia kidnapped three U.S.
missionaries from the New Tribes Mission at a location near the Colombian
border.  The missionaries are Mark Rich, David Mankins, and Rick Tenenoff.  A
five million dollar ransom has been demanded;  FARC produced proof that the
three missionaries were still alive in December through taped messages from
the hostages to their wives.  FARC is still holding the hostages.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECTED INCIDENT CHRONOLOGY
FEBRUARY, 1977:
KIDNAPPED A U.S. PEACE CORPS VOLUNTEER DURING AN ATTACK ON LA MACARENA.
THE VICTIM WAS RELEASED THREE YEARS LATER AFTER A $250,000 RANSOM WAS
REPORTEDLY PAID.
AUGUST, 1980:
KIDNAPPED A U.S. CITIZEN FROM HIS BANANA PLANTATION IN CENTRAL COLOMBIA.
HE WAS RELEASED THREE MONTHS LATER AFTER A REPORTED RANSOM OF $125,000
WAS PAID.
APRIL, 1983:
KIDNAPPED A U.S. CITIZEN FROM HER FARM IN SOUTHERN META DEPARTMENT.
FEBRUARY, 1985:
BOMBED SEVEN BUSINESSES IN A MIDNIGHT ATTACK IN MEDELLIN, INCLUDING IBM,
GENERAL TELEPHONE AND ELECTRONICS, UNION CARBIDE, AND XEROX.
AUGUST, 1985:
KIDNAPPED FOUR ENGINEERS AND THIRTY WORKERS OF A CONSTRUCTION FIRM IN
HUILA DEPARTMENT.
OCTOBER, 1985:
KIDNAPPED FOUR MISSIONARIES.  THE FARC MET WITH A DELEGATION FROM THE
GOVERNMENT'S PEACE COMMISSION AND AGREED TO FREE THE HOSTAGES.
DECEMBER, 1985:
KIDNAPPED A VENEZUELAN RANCHER WHO WAS RESCUED BY THE VENEZUELAN POLICE
IN FEBRUARY, 1986.  THE SIX KIDNAPPERS WERE KILLED.
JANUARY, 1986:
DEMANDED $100 MILLION FROM THE SHELL OIL COMPANY TO CONTINUE OPERATING
IN THE MAGALEAS VALLEY, BUT THE FIRM SUSPENDED ITS OPERATIONS IN
THE REGION INSTEAD OF MEETING THE EXTORTION DEMAND.
FEBRUARY, 1986:
ATTACKED THE TOWN OF RION SUCIO IN THE NORTHERN CHOCO DEPARTMENT,
KILLING ONE POLICE OFFICER AND WOUNDING ANOTHER.  DESTROYED THREE
BUILDINGS.
NOVEMBER, 1986:
THE REMAINS OF SOME 100 MEN, WOMEN, AND CHILDREN WERE FOUND IN A
MASS GRAVE IN TURBO; THEY WERE THOUGHT TO HAVE BEEN MURDERED BY THE
FARC.
APRIL, 1987:
KIDNAPPED SEVEN EMPLOYEES OF A RANCHER IN BOGOTA; ONE BODY WAS
FOUND LATER.
JUNE, 1987:
IN VIOLATION OF A TRUCE, THE FARC AMBUSHED AN ARMY ROAD BUILDING
CREW KILLING TWENTY-SEVEN.
DECEMBER, 1987:
APPROXIMATELY FIFTY FARC MEMBERS ATTACKED THE TOWN OF GAITANIA,
KILLING TWO POLICE OFFICERS AND WOUNDING FIVE.  THE FARC USED
GRENADES, AUTOMATIC WEAPONS, LIGHT ANTITANK ROCKETS, AND MOLOTOV
COCKTAILS.
JANUARY, 1988:
TWO HUNDRED MILES SOUTHWEST OF BOGOTA, FORTY FARC MEMBERS HIJACKED
A HELICOPTER OPERATED BY A COLOMBIAN AIR CHARTER SERVICE AND
CHARTERED BY A U.S. OIL EXPLORATION COMPANY.  THE COMPANY WAS
FORCED TO PAY RANSOM AND TO TEMPORARILY CLOSE ITS EXPLORATION CAMP.
OCTOBER, 1988:
ATTACK ON TOWNS IN A JOINT OPERATION WITH THE ELN (NATIONAL
LIBERATION ARMY).  THREE POLICEMEN AND ONE CIVILIAN KILLED. A NUN,
PRIEST, AND FIFTEEN POLICEMEN WERE KIDNAPPED.
NOVEMBER, 1988:
TOWN ATTACKED IN A JOINT OPERATION WITH M-19 (APRIL 19 MOVEMENT).
NOVEMBER, 1988:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR AN ATTEMPTED ASSASSINATION OF THE
COLOMBIAN MINISTER OF DEFENSE.  A REMOTE CONTROLLED BOMB DESTROYED
A TRUCK CARRYING THE MINISTER'S BODYGUARDS, KILLING THREE AND
INJURING TWO.  THE MINISTER WAS UNHURT.
DECEMBER, 1988:
TOWN ATTACKED.  ONE POLICE OFFICER, ONE CIVILIAN, AND TWO FARC
MEMBERS KILLED.
FEBRUARY, 1989:
TOWN ATTACKED IN A JOINT OPERATION WITH THE NATIONAL LIBERATION
ARMY (ELN) AND THE POPULAR LIBERATION ARMY (EPL).  FIVE POLICEMEN
WERE KILLED AND ELEVEN POLICE OFFICERS WERE KIDNAPPED.
APRIL, 1989:
TOWN ATTACKED.  SIX CIVILIANS KILLED.
MAY, 1989:
TOWN ATTACKED.  TWO CIVILIANS SOUGHT OUT AND MURDERED.  ANOTHER
CIVILIAN KILLED.
OCTOBER, 1989:
TOWN ATTACKED IN JOINT OPERATION WITH THE NATIONAL LIBERATION ARMY
(ELN).  TWO JAIL INMATES MURDERED IN A SETTLING OF SCORES, POLICE
ATTACKED, HELICOPTER DELIVERING MONEY TO BANK SHOT DOWN, MONEY
STOLEN.
OCTOBER, 1990:
TOWN ATTACKED AND OCCUPIED.  FARC TOOK OVER THE TOWN WITHOUT
RESISTANCE AFTER POLICE FLED.  MURDERED THE MAYOR AND HIS BROTHER.
NOVEMBER, 1990:
TWO TOWNS ATTACKED IN A JOINT OPERATION WITH THE NATIONAL
LIBERATION ARMY (ELN).  NINE SOLDIERS AND FIFTEEN FARC REBELS WERE
KILLED.
DECEMBER, 1990:
ATTACKED AN OIL EXPLORATION CAMP, DESTROYING A HELICOPTER AND
DRILLING EQUIPMENT.
DECEMBER, 1990:
SEIZED AN AIRCRAFT SHORTLY AFTER IT LANDED AT A SMALL TOWN, FORCED
THE PASSENGERS AND CREW TO DEPLANE AND BURNED THE PLANE.
DECEMBER, 1990:
KIDNAPPED TWO SWISS CITIZENS AND A COLOMBIAN PHYSICIAN IN META
DEPARTMENT.  ALL WERE RELEASED TWO WEEKS LATER WITH A MESSAGE TO
THE GOVERNMENT.
DECEMBER, 1990:
KIDNAPPED TWO COLOMBIAN ENGINEERS AT AN OIL PRODUCTION CAMP.  THEY
WERE RELEASED TWO DAYS LATER WITH A MESSAGE FOR THE GOVERNMENT.
JANUARY, 1991:
BOMBED FIVE OIL PIPELINES.
JANUARY, 1991:
HIJACKED A HELICOPTER LEASED BY A U.S. OIL EXPLORATION FIRM.
THE PILOT AND THE AIRCRAFT WERE RETURNED.
JANUARY, 1991:
STAGED A JOINT ATTACK WITH THE NATIONAL LIBERATION ARMY (ELN) ON A
MAJOR COLOMBIA-FRENCH CONSTRUCTION PROJECT NEAR SEGOVIA.  FORTY
VEHICLES AND PIECES OF HEAVY MACHINERY WERE DESTROYED, THE CAMP'S
SECURITY CHIEF WAS KILLED AND THREE FRENCH ENGINEERS WERE
KIDNAPPED (RELEASED IN JULY, 1991).
FEBRUARY, 1991:
CONDUCTED A WAVE OF FIFTY ATTACKS ON TOWNS, ENERGY AND POWER
FACILITIES, BANKS, POLICE, AND MILITARY.  AT LEAST FORTY SOLDIERS,
POLICEMEN, CIVILIANS AND INSURGENTS WERE KILLED.
MARCH, 1991:
ATTACKED A VILLAGE, KILLING FIVE POLICEMEN AND A CIVILIAN AND
KIDNAPPING TWELVE POLICE OFFICERS.
MAY, 1991:
AN AMERICAN EXPATRIATE, WHO HAD BEEN KIDNAPPED BY FARC, WAS
MURDERED BY HIS ABDUCTORS DURING AN ATTEMPT BY THE POLICE TO
RESCUE HIM.
JULY, 1991:
THE FARC ATTEMPTED TO ASSASSINATE THE PRESIDENT OF COLOMBIA BY
PLACING AN EXPLOSIVE DEVICE NEAR THE PRESIDENTIAL HELICOPTER'S
LANDING AREA.  POLICE DISARMED THE DEVICE.  FARC DENIED ITS
INVOLVEMENT.
AUGUST, 1991:
TWO JAPANESE ENGINEERS AT AN OIL PRODUCTION CAMP WERE KIDNAPPED.
THEY WERE RELEASED UNHARMED IN DECEMBER, 1991, FOLLOWING THE
PAYMENT OF A RANSOM.
NOVEMBER, 1991:
A COLOMBIAN JUDICIAL TEAM OF EIGHT PEOPLE, INCLUDING A JUDGE,
WERE LURED TO A RURAL AREA WHERE ONE CAR OF THEIR THREE CAR
CONVOY WAS DESTROYED BY A REMOTELY DETONATED DEVICE AND THE
SURVIVORS SPRAYED WITH MACHINEGUN FIRE
JUNE, 1992:
FARC ISSUED A COMMUNIQUE STATING THAT MULTI-NATIONAL CORPORATIONS
WERE "LEGITIMATE" TARGETS.
JUNE, 1992:
BOMBED THE SPANISH CONSULATE IN BARRANQUILLA, INJURING THE
SPANISH CONSUL GENERAL.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE ABOVE INFORMATION WAS DERIVED FROM DEPARTMENT OF STATE, DEFENSE
DEPARTMENT, AND PUBLIC MEDIA SOURCE DOCUMENTS.
Terror Groups 42
Revolutionary Organization 17 November (17 November)
title
Revolutionary Organization 17 November (17 November)
Description
A radical leftist group established in 1975 and named for the November 1973
student uprising protesting the military regime.  Anti-US, anti-Turkish,
anti-NATO; committed to violent overthrow of the regime, ouster of US bases,
removal of Turkish military presence from Cyprus, and severing of Greece's
ties to NATO and the EC.  Organization is obscure, possibly affiliated with
other Greek terrorist groups.
Activities
Initial attacks were selected handgun assassinations against senior US
officials, including US Embassy official Richard Welch in 1975 and US Navy
Capt.  George Tsantes in 1983.  Began assassinating Greek officials and
public figures in 1976 and added bombings, including attacks against US
military buses in 1987 and assassination of US defense attache William
Nordeen in 1988.  Since 1990 has expanded targeting to include EC facilities
and foreign firms investing in Greece and added improvised rocket attacks to
its methods.  Such an attack against the Greek Finance Minister in 1992
killed a passerby, 17 November's first "civilian" casualty.  In 1991 was
responsible for at least five of the 15 terrorist attacks against Coalition
targets in Greece during the Gulf war, including the assassination in March
of a US Army sergeant.  Also stepped up attacks against Turkish interests
with attempted murder of Turkish Embassy official in July 1991, and
assassination of Turkish Embassy press attache in October 1991.
Strength
Unknown, but presumed to be small.
Location/Area of operation Greece, primarily in Athens metropolitan area.
External Aid
May receive support from other Greek terrorist group cadres.
March 1995:
17 November organization in Greece is growing.  This group has
been blamed for attacks on Greek citizens and businesses, as well as U.S.
and Turkish diplomats.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECTED INCIDENT CHRONOLOGY
DECEMBER, 1975:
ASSASSINATED U.S. EMBASSY OFFICIAL RICHARD WELCH.
JANUARY, 1979:
MURDERED A GREEK POLICE OFFICER.
JANUARY, 1980:
MURDERED THE DEPUTY CHIEF OF THE GREEK RIOT POLICE AND HIS
CHAUFFEUR.
NOVEMBER, 1983:
MURDERED U.S. NAVY CAPTAIN GEORGE TSANTES AND HIS DRIVER
APRIL, 1984:
SHOT AND WOUNDED A U.S. ARMY SENIOR NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER AS THE
VICTIM WAS TRANSPORTING DOCUMENTS.  THE INTENDED VICTIM PROBABLY
SAVED HIS LIFE BY BEING ALERT AND TAKING EVASIVE ACTION WHEN HE
NOTED THE TWO TERRORISTS APPROACH HIS CAR ON A MOTORCYCLE.
FEBRUARY, 1985:
ASSASSINATED CONSERVATIVE GREEK NEWSPAPER EDITOR AND HIS CHAUFFEUR.
THE COMMUNIQUE CLAIMING RESPONSIBILITY DENOUNCED THE JOURNALIST AS
ONE OF THE "...FASCIST AGENTS OF THE CIA."
NOVEMBER, 1985:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR BOMBING A GREEK POLICE BUS, KILLING ONE
POLICE OFFICER.
APRIL, 1986:
ASSASSINATED A RETIRED GREEK INDUSTRIALIST.
OCTOBER, 1986:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR BOMBING FOUR GREEK GOVERNMENT OFFICES,
INCLUDING THREE TAX OFFICES.  THE 17 NOVEMBER COMMUNIQUE DENOUNCED
THE GREEK TAX SYSTEM.  THE ELA ALSO CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE
BOMBINGS.
FEBRUARY, 1987:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR MAIMING A WEALTHY GREEK PHYSICIAN.
APRIL, 1987:
BOMBED A BUS CARRYING U.S. AND GREEK MILITARY PERSONNEL NEAR
ATHENS.  EIGHTEEN PERSONS, INCLUDING SIXTEEN AMERICANS, WERE
INJURED.
AUGUST, 1987:
BOMBED A U.S. BUS IN VOULA, INJURING TEN U.S. SERVICE MEMBERS.
JANUARY, 1988:
ATTEMPTED ASSASSINATION OF A U.S. DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION
(DEA) AGENT IN ATHENS.
MAY, 1988:
PLACED HIGH EXPLOSIVES ON TWO AUTOMOBILES BELONGING TO THE
TURKISH EMBASSY IN ATHENS.
JUNE, 1988:
DETONATED A CAR BOMB THAT KILLED U.S. DEFENSE ATTACHE CAPTAIN
WILLIAM NORDEEN SHORTLY AFTER HE LEFT HIS ATHENS RESIDENCE.
JANUARY, 1989:
SHOT THREE PUBLIC PROSECUTORS IN THREE SEPARATE INCIDENTS.  ONE OF
THE VICTIMS WAS KILLED ON THE SPOT, ANOTHER WAS CRITICALLY WOUNDED
AND SUBSQUENTLY DIED OF HIS INJURIES. THE THIRD VICTIM WAS WOUNDED.
MAY, 1989:
FAILED ASSASSINATION ATTEMPT AGAINST A FORMER PUBLIC ORDER
MINISTER.
SEPTEMBER, 1989:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ASSASSINATION OF A MEMBER OF THE
GREEK PARLIAMENT.
FEBRUARY, 1990:
CLAIMED THE THEFT OF ROCKETS, AMMUNITION, HAND GRENADES, BAZOOKAS,
AND OTHER ORDNANCE FROM A MILITARY WAREHOUSE IN DECEMBER, 1989 AND
A MILITARY MUSEUM IN FEBRUARY, 1990.
JUNE, 1990:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR A ROCKET ATTACK ON A BUILDING WHICH WAS
OCCUPIED BY PROCTOR AND GAMBLE.  APPARENTLY THE GROUP STAGED THE
ATTACK IN PROTEST OF THE PURCHASE OF A GREEK FIRM BY PROCTOR AND
GAMBLE.  THE GOVERNMENT OF GREECE CONFIRMED THAT THE WEAPONS USED
IN THIS ATTACK WERE STOLEN FROM THE MILITARY MUSEUM AND MILITARY
WAREHOUSE IN DECEMBER, 1989 AND FEBRUARY, 1990.
JANUARY, 1991:
BOMBED TWO BRANCH OFFICES OF CITIBANK AND A BRANCH OFFICE OF
BARCLAY'S BANK.
JANUARY, 1991:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR A ROCKET ATTACK ON AN AMERICAN EXPRESS
OFFICE AND A GREEK INSURANCE FIRM.
MARCH, 1991:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE MURDER OF A U.S. AIR FORCE SGT.
MAY, 1991:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR A ROCKET ATTACK ON THE OFFICES OF THE
SIEMENS COMPANY.
MAY, 1991:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR A ROCKET ATTACK ON A GERMAN-OWNED
BREWERY, APPROXIMATELY SIXTY MILES NORTH OF ATHENS.
JULY, 1991:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ATTEMPTED ASSASSINATION, BY CAR
BOMB, OF THE ACTING TURKISH AMBASSADOR TO GREECE.  THE TARGET, TWO
OF HIS STAFF, AND A PASSERBY WERE INJURED.
OCTOBER, 1991:
MURDERED THE DEPUTY PRESS ATTACHE OF THE TURKISH EMBASSY IN ATHENS.
NOVEMBER, 1991:
A POLICE OFFICER WAS KILLED WHEN TWO ROCKETS WERE FIRED AT A POLICE
BUS IN CENTRAL ATHENS.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE ABOVE INFORMATION WAS DERIVED FROM STATE DEPARTMENT, DEPARTMENT OF
DEFENSE AND PUBLIC MEDIA SOURCE DOCUMENTS.
Terror Groups 43
Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path
title
4Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path, SL)
Description
Larger of Peru's two insurgencies, SL is among world's most ruthless
guerrilla organizations.  Formed in late 1960s by then university professor
Abimael Guzman.  Stated goal is to destroy existing Peruvian institutions
and replace them with peasant revolutionary regime.  Also wants to rid Peru
of foreign influences.  Guzman's capture in September 1992 was major blow,
as were arrests of other SL leaders, defections, and President Fujimorils
amnesty program for repentant terrorists.
Activities
SL engages in particularly brutal forms of terrorism, including the
indiscriminate use of car bombs.  Almost every institution in Peru has been
a target of SL violence.  Has bombed diplomatic missions of several
countries represented in Peru.  Carries out bombing campaigns and selective
assassinations.  Involved in cocaine trade.
Strength
Approximately 1,500 to 2,500 armed militants; larger number of supporters,
mostly in rural areas.
Location/Area of Operation
Originally rural based, but has increasingly focused its terrorist attacks
in the capital.
External Aid
None.
July 28, 1995:
President Fujimori vows to wipe out Sendero Luminoso.
April 9, 1995:
Sendero Luminoso vows to kill all who vote in the election in TINGO MARIA, Peru.
March 17 1995:
Margie Clavo Peralta, leader of Sendero Luminoso captured with 19 others.
March 4 1995:
Town of Ramal de Aspuzana was seized by Sendero Luminoso.
27 July 1993
Peru
After first spraying the building with automatic weapons, terrorists exploded
a van bomb outside the U.S. Embassy in Lima.  One embassy guard was injured.
The explosion caused extensive damage to the embassy's facade and perimeter
fence.  Subsequent small fires caused only minor damage.  The nearby Spanish
Embassy, together with stores and a U.S.-owned hotel, were also damaged.  Two
hotel employees and a hotel guest were injured.  The explosion coincided with
an "armed strike" called by Sendero Luminoso.
7 July 1993
Peru
Police discovered the bodies of two European tourists in a remote area of
Ayacucho.  The two had been traveling together in a region contested by
Sendero Luminoso terrorists.
19 May 1993
Peru
Terrorists detonated a car bomb in front of the Chilean Embassy in Lima at the
end of a strike called by the Sendero Luminoso terrorist group.  The explosion
damaged the embassy and nearby houses but did not result in any casualties.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECTED INCIDENT CHRONOLOGY
AUGUST, 1981:
BOMBED THE U.S. EMBASSY, THE BANK OF AMERICA, A COCA COLA BOTTLER,
AND A DAIRY PRODUCT FIRM ASSOCIATED WITH THE CARNATION COMPANY, ALL
IN LIMA.
JULY, 1982:
THREW TWO DYNAMITE BOMBS AT THE U.S. EMBASSY AND SET OFF BOMBS AT
THREE PRIVATE BUSINESSES, INJURING THREE PEOPLE.
MAY, 1983:
BLEW UP TEN ELECTRICAL POWERLINE TOWERS IN A COORDINATED ATTACK
THAT BLACKED OUT LIMA AND SET OFF OVER THIRTY BOMBS DURING THE
CONFUSION, CAUSING OVER $27 MILLION IN DAMAGE.
OCTOBER, 1983:
BOMBED THE CAR OF A LIMA POLICE OFFICER.
MAY, 1984:
MACHINEGUNNED TWO POLICEMEN ON DUTY OUTSIDE THE EMBASSY OF WEST
GERMANY IN LIMA, KILLING ONE AND WOUNDING THE OTHER.
AUGUST, 1984:
BURNED AN EVANGELICAL CHURCH RUN BY U.S. MISSIONARIES IN
SOUTHEASTERN AYACUCHO DEPARTMENT.
NOVEMBER, 1984:
BOMBED THE U.S.- PERUVIAN CULTURAL INSTITUTE IN LIMA.
APRIL, 1985:
SHOT AND CRITICALLY WOUNDED A FORMER JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT
WHO WAS SERVING AS PRESIDENT OF THE NATIONAL ELECTIONS TRIBUNAL.
JUNE, 1985:
ALLEGEDLY PLACED A CAR BOMB NEAR THE PRESIDENTIAL PALACE IN LIMA.
AUGUST, 1985:
BOMBED A BUS AT THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE IN LIMA.
DECEMBER, 1985:
SET OFF A BOMB IN THE LIMA AIRPORT PARKING LOT, KILLING A CHILD AND
FOUR OTHER PEOPLE.
FEBRUARY, 1986:
SHOT AND KILLED A VILLAGE MAYOR, STOLE FOOD STORED IN A CHURCH AND
THREATENED TO KILL THE PRIEST.
MARCH, 1986:
MURDERED THREE PROVINCIAL MAYORS BY SHOOTING THEM IN THE HEAD IN
THE TOWN OF CHACRA PAMPAS.
JUNE, 1986:
OVER 200 ALLEGED SENDERO LUMINOSO MEMBERS WERE KILLED IN A PRISON
RIOT AND THE SUBSEQUENT EFFORT OF GOVERNMENT FORCES TO RE-GAIN
CONTROL.
JUNE, 1986:
BOMBED A CUZCO-MACHU PICCHU TOURIST TRAIN, KILLING EIGHT (INCLUDING
ONE AMERICAN) AND WOUNDING FORTY (INCLUDING NINE AMERICANS).
JULY, 1986:
BOMBED THE SOVIET EMBASSY IN LIMA.
OCTOBER, 1986:
SHOT AND KILLED FORMER NAVY MINISTER ADMIRAL CAFFERATTA.
JANUARY, 1987:
SHOT AND KILLED SENIOR MEMBER OF THE AMERICAN POPULAR REVOLUTIONARY
ALLIANCE (APRA) - CARLOS SILVA.
JANUARY, 1987:
ATTACKED THE EMBASSY OF INDIA IN LIMA.
FEBRUARY, 1987:
BOMBED SEVEN BANKS AND BURNED A TEXTILE FACTORY IN LIMA.
FEBRUARY, 1987:
FAILED IN AN ATTEMPT TO ASSASSINATE THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF PERU;
DETONATED TWO CAR BOMBS NEAR A POLITICAL RALLY WHERE PRESIDENT
GARCIA WAS SPEAKING.
MARCH, 1987:
CONDUCTED AN UNSUCCESSFUL ASSASSINATION ATTEMPT AGAINST THE BANK OF
TOKYO GENERAL MANAGER.
APRIL, 1987:
CARRIED OUT A BLOODY DAYLIGHT ATTACK AGAINST A RESTAURANT NEAR THE
PERUVIAN ARMY HEADQUARTERS, INDISCRIMINATELY KILLING BOTH MILITARY
AND CIVILIANS.
APRIL, 1987:
KILLED TWO POLICE OFFICERS GUARDING THE HUANCHAC TRAIN STATION IN
CUZCO.
APRIL, 1987:
ATTACKED A BUS CARRYING MILITARY AND CIVILIAN PASSENGERS IN
HUANACAVELICA, KILLING THIRTEEN PERSONS.
APRIL, 1987:
ATTACKED THE NORTH KOREAN COMMERCIAL MISSION IN LIMA, INJURING AT
LEAST THREE PEOPLE.
MAY, 1987:
CONDUCTED A SERIES OF BOMBINGS, BLACKING OUT MOST OF LIMA.
TARGETS INCLUDED THE MINISTRIES OF AGRICULTURE, LABOR, AND
TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION.
JUNE, 1987:
ATTACKED AN EXCLUSIVE RESTAURANT IN THE MONTERRICO DISTRICT IN
LIMA.  AT LEAST ONE RESTAURANT GUARD AND TWO ATTACKERS WERE
WOUNDED.
JULY-NOVEMBER, 1987:
STAGED NUMEROUS CLASHES WITH SECURITY FORCES SUPPORTING NARCOTICS
ERADICATION CAMPAIGN IN THE UPPER HUALLAGA VALLEY.
AUGUST, 1987:
KILLED AN APRA PARTY LEADER.
SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER, 1987:
DETONATED A CAR BOMB NEAR THE CONGRESS BUIDLING, CAUSING A PARTIAL
BLACKOUT IN LIMA.  KILLED OVER FORTY CIVILIANS IN ATTACKS AGAINST
TWO TOWNS IN TOCACHE AREA.
NOVEMBER, 1987:
SUSPECTED IN COORDINATED LIMA BLACKOUT AND ATTACK AGAINST NISSAN
FACTORY, DYNAMITE BOMBINGS OF THE MINISTRIES OF HEALTH AND
JUSTICE, AND ATTACK AGAINST U.S. EMBASSY.
JUNE, 1988:
TWO U.S. AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT (AID) SUBCONTRACTORS
WERE KILLED WHILE TRAVELING NEAR AN AREA CONTROLLED BY SENDERO
LUMINOSO.
JANUARY, 1989:
ASSASSINATED A LOCAL CHIEF OF THE PERUVIAN ANTI-TERRORISM
DIRECTORATE.
JANUARY, 1989:
ATTACKED A GROUP OF JUDGES.  TWO JUDGES WERE KILLED AS WERE THREE
OF THE POLICE OFFICERS GUARDING THEM. TWELVE TO FIFTEEN MEMBERS OF
SENDERO LUMINOSO WERE ALSO REPORTED KILLED.
JANUARY, 1989:
MURDERED A DEPUTY GOVERNOR AND FOUR OTHER VILLAGE OFFICIALS.
JANUARY, 1989:
MURDERED 27 CAMEPSINOS WHO WERE MEMBERS OF A PEASANT DEFENSE
PATROL.
JANUARY, 1989:
ASSASSINATED THE MAYOR OF A VILLAGE IN JUNIN DEPARTMENT.
JANUARY, 1989:
ATTACKED A VILLAGE NEAR LAKE TITICACA.  BUILDINGS WERE DYNAMITED
AND BURNED; AND THE MAYOR AND SIX OFFICIALS WERE KILLED.
FEBRUARY, 1989:
ATTACKED A HELICOPTER BASE OPERATED BY THE U.S. DRUG ADMINSTRATION
ADMINISTRATION.
FEBRUARY, 1989:
IN ONE DAY (10 FEBRUARY) SEVERAL SENDERO LUMINOSO OPERATIONS TOOK
PLACE:  A SENIOR MEMBER OF APRA WAS MURDERED; TWO POLICEMEN WERE
KILLED AND TWO OTHERS WERE WOUNDED WHEN THEY TRIED TO LOWER A
BOOBY-TRAPPED FLAG; AND THE DEPUTY MAYOR OF A SMALL TOWN NEAR LIMA
WAS CRITICALLY WOUNDED IN AN ASSASSINATION ATTEMPT.
FEBRUARY, 1989:
SENDERO LUMINOSO MASSACRED THIRTY EIGHT CAMPESINOS IN AYACHUCO
DEPARTMENT AS PUNISHMENT FOR ORGANIZING A SELF DEFENSE UNIT.
MARCH, 1989:
ON 3/2/89 THREE SEPARATE SENDERO LUMINOSO OPERATIONS TOOK PLACE: IN
ONE TOWN A FRENCH TOURIST WAS MURDERED; IN ANOTHER TOWN TWO SCHOOL
TEACHERS WERE MURDERED IN FRONT OF THEIR STUDENTS; AND IN THE THIRD
INCIDENT A TEACHER AND HIS THIRTEEN YEAR OLD SON WERE MURDERED.
MARCH, 1989:
FIVE CIVIL SERVANTS IN A SMALL TOWN WERE MURDERED.  ONE OF THE
VICTIMS WAS THE TOWN'S MAYOR.
MARCH, 1989:
TWENTY SIX CAMPESINOS, MEMBERS OF A VILLAGE SELF DEFENSE UNIT,
WERE MURDERED.
APRIL, 1989:
SENDERO LUMINOSO MURDERED AN AUSTRIAN JOURNALIST.
APRIL, 1990:
BOMBED A POLITICAL RALLY BEING ADDRESSED BY THE PRESIDENTIAL
CANNDIDATE OF THE RULING PARTY.
APRIL, 1990:
ATTACKED A U.S. BUILT ANTI-NARCOTICS BASE IN THE UPPER HUALLAGA
VALLEY.
APRIL, 1990:
MASSACRED FIFTY ELDERLY PEOPLE AND CHILDREN IN SONOMORO.
MAY, 1990:
DYNAMITE ATTACK ON THE MOTORCADE OF A PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE.
MAY, 1990:
A SENDERO LUMINOSO ATTACK ON THE OFFICES OF UNITED PRESS
INTERNATIONAL IN LIMA WAS FOILED.
JUNE, 1990:
KIDNAPPED AND MURDERED TWO BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS IN THE UPPER
HUALLAGA VALLEY.
AUGUST, 1990:
MURDERED TWO PERUVIAN MORMOM MISSIONARIES.
OCTOBER, 1990:
PERPETRATED A WAVE OF BOMBINGS AND ARSON.  AMONG THE TARGETS WERE:
THE EMBASSY OF WEST GERMANY; ELECTRICAL POWER PYLONS; FACTORIES;
PUBLIC PARKS.  THE ATTACKS TOOK PLACE IN LIMA AND THE PORT CITY OF
EL CALLAO.
DECEMBER, 1990:
CONDUCTED A WAVE OF BOMBINGS AND ARSON ATTACKS IN LIMA.  AT LEAST
SEVENTEEN BANKS WERE BOMBED AND FIVE BUSES BURNED.
FEBRUARY, 1991:
BOMBED THE EMBASSY OF JAPAN IN LIMA.
APRIL, 1991:
MURDERED A PERUVIAN AGRONOMIST WORKING ON A RURAL DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT.
APRIL, 1991:
CONDUCTED A SERIES OF BOMBINGS IN LIMA AS A PROTEST OF THE U.S.-
PERUVIAN ANTI-NARCOTICS AGREEMENTS.
APRIL, 1991:
CONDUCTED A WAVE OF BOMBINGS AND ASSASSINATION ATTEMPTS IN LIMA.
NEARLY FORTY BOMBINGS, PRIMARILY AGAINST BANKS, WERE CARRIED OUT.
MAY, 1991:
MURDERED AN AUSTRALIAN NUN AND FOUR VILLAGERS.
JUNE, 1991:
MURDERED A SOVIET WOMAN EMPLOYED AT A LIMA TEXTILE MILL.
JUNE, 1991:
ATTACKED A U.S. BUILT ANTI-NARCOTICS BASE IN THE UPPER HUALLAGA
VALLEY.
JULY, 1991:
CARRIED OUT A ROCKET AND MACHINEGUN ATTACK ON THE HOME OF THE
PERUVIAN MINISTER OF ECONOMY IN LIMA.
JULY, 1991:
A BRIEFCASE BOMB DETONATED AT THE PALACE OF JUSTICE IN LIMA.
JULY, 1991:
MURDERED A BUSINESS MAN OF JAPANESE DESCENT.
AUGUST, 1991:
MURDERED TWO POLISH PRIESTS AND A LOCAL MAYOR; ALSO BRIEFLY
ABDUCTED AN ITALIAN NUN.
AUGUST, 1991:
MASSACRED AT LEAST FIFTY PEOPLE (MINE WORKERS AND THEIR WIVES).
AUGUST, 1991:
ASSASSINATED AN ITALIAN PRIEST.
DECEMBER, 1991:
CONDUCTED A WAVE OF BOMBINGS IN LIMA.  AMONG THE TARGETS WERE THE
EMBASSY OF FRANCE, THE RESIDENCE OF THE SPANISH AMBASSADOR, AND AT
LEAST FIVE BANKS.
JANUARY, 1992:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR SHOOTING DOWN A U.S.-OWNED HELICOPTER
ON LOAN TO PERUVIAN GOVERNMENT ANTI-DRUG AUTHORITIES.  FOUR PERSONS
WERE KILLED, INCLUDING THREE AMERICAN CREW MEMBERS.
FEBRUARY, 1992:
BOMBED ELECTRICAL POWER PYLONS TO INDUCE A BLACKOUT IN LIMA AND
FOLLOWED WITH A WAVE OF ATTACKS THROUGHOUT THE CITY KILLING THREE
AND WOUNDING THIRTY FIVE.
FEBRUARY, 1992:
DETONATED A CAR BOMB NEAR THE RESIDENCE OF THE U.S. AMBASSADOR TO
PERU.  THREE PERUVIAN POLICE OFFICERS WERE KILLED.  THE BOMBING WAS
PART OF A WAVE OF A DOZEN BOMBINGS OVER A THREE HOUR PERIOD IN
LIMA.
FEBRUARY, 1992:
DESTROYED A POLICE VAN NEAR LIMA, KILLING THREE AND WOUNDING SIX.
FEBRUARY, 1992:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE MURDER OF A MAYOR AND HIS WIFE IN A
SMALL TOWN.
MARCH, 1992:
ATTACKED A TOWN SITUATED 120 MILES FROM LIMA, KILLING TWO LOCAL
OFFICIALS AND THREE PEASANT LEADERS.
MARCH, 1992:
ATTACKED A PERUVIAN NAVAL VEHICLE NEAR LIMA, KILLING TWO AND
WOUNDING ONE.
APRIL, 1992:
LOADED A BUS WITH APPROXIMATELY 220 POUNDS OF DYNAMITE AND ROLLED
IT DOWN A HILL INTO A POLICE STATION, KILLING THREE AND WOUNDING
TWENTY TWO.
APRIL, 1992:
DETONATED A CAR BOMB AT A POLICE STATION, KILLING FOUR AND
WOUNDING TWENTY.
APRIL, 1992:
DETONATED A CAR BOMB OUTSIDE A PERUVIAN ARMY BARRACKS IN LIMA,
KILLING TWO AND WOUNDING THREE.
MAY, 1992:
FORTY SEVEN SENDERO LUMINOSO PRISONERS AND TWO GUARDS WERE KILLED
IN THE COURSE OF A PRISON UPRISING.
MAY, 1992:
SEIZED TWO TOWNS NORTH OF LIMA AND MURDERED TWENTY MEMBERS OF THE
LOCAL PEASANT MILITIA.
MAY, 1992:
MURDERED A RELATIVE OF AN ADVISOR TO THE PRESIDENT OF PERU.
JUNE, 1992:
DETONATED A TRUCK BOMB AT A LIMA TELEVISION STATION, KILLING THREE
AND WOUNDING TWENTY.
JUNE, 1992:
AMBUSHED A MILITARY CONVOY KILLING ELEVEN SOLDIERS AND SIX
CIVILIANS.
SEPTEMBER, 1992:
ABIMAEL GUZMAN, THE FOUNDER AND LEADER OF SENDERO LUMINOSO WAS
CAPTURED DURING A RAID BY PERUVIAN ANTI-TERRORIST POLICE.
OCTOBER, 1992:
ON OCTOBER 7, 1992, ABIMAEL GUZMAN WAS SENTENCED TO LIFE
IMPRISONMENT.
OCTOBER, 1992:
CONDUCTED A ROCKET ATTACK AGAINST THE RESIDENCE OF THE AMERICAN
AMBASSADOR TO PERU.  NO INJURIES.
OCTOBER, 1992:
WITHIN DAYS OF ABIMAEL GUZMAN BEING SENTENCED TO LIFE IMPRISONMENT,
A FORCE OF 50 SENDERO GUERRILLAS ENTERED A VILLAGE IN LA MAR
PROVINCE AND MURDERED FORTY FOUR PERSONS - MEMBERS OF THE VILLAGE
SELF DEFENSE FORCE AS WELL AS WOMEN AND CHILDREN.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE ABOVE INFORMATION WAS DERIVED FROM DEPARTMENT OF STATE, DEPARTMENT OF
DEFENSE, AND PUBLIC MEDIA SOURCE DOCUMENTS.
Terror Groups 44
Sikh Terrorism
title
Sikh Terrorism
Description
Sikh terrorism is sponsored by expatriate and Indian Sikh groups who want to
carve out an independent Sikh state called Khalistan (Land of the Pure) from
Indian territory.  Sikh violence outside India, which surged following the
Indian Army's 1984 assault on the Golden Temple, Sikhism's holiest shrine,
has decreased significantly since mid-1992, although Sikh militant cells are
active internationally and extremists gather funds from overseas Sikh
communities.  Active groups include Babbar Khalsa, Azad Khalistan Babbar
Khalsa Force, Khalistan Liberation Front, Khalistan Commando Force, and
Khalistan National Army.  Many of these groups operate under umbrella
organizations, the most significant of which is the Second Panthic
committee.
Activities
Sikh attacks in India are mounted against Indian officials and facilities,
other Sikhs, and Hindus; they include assassinations, bombings, and
kidnappings.  Sikh extremists probably bombed the Air India jet downed over
the Irish Sea in June 1985, killing 329 passengers and crew.  On the same
day, a bomb planted by Sikhs on an Air India flight from Vancouver exploded
in Tokyo's Narita Airport, killing two Japanese baggage handlers.  In 1991,
Sikh terrorists attempted to assassinate the Indian Ambassador in Romania--
once India's senior police officer in Punjab from 1986 to 1989--and
kidnapped and held the Romanian charge in New Delhi for seven weeks.  In
January 1993, Indian police arrested Sikhs in New Delhi as they were
conspiring to detonate a bomb to disrupt India's Republic Day, and, in
September 1993, Sikh militants attempted to assassinate the Sikh chief of
the ruling Congress Party's youth wing with a bomb.  Sikh attacks in India,
ranging from kidnappings and assassinations to remote-controlled bombings,
have dropped markedly since mid-1992 as Indian security forces have killed
or captured a host of senior Sikh militant leaders.  Total civilian deaths
in Punjab have declined more than 95 percent since more than 3,300 civilians
died in 1991.  The drop results largely from Indian Army, paramilitary, and
police successes against extremist groups.
Strength
Unknown.
Location/Area of Operation
Northern India, Western Europe, Southeast Asia, and North America.
External Aid
Sikh expatriates have formed a variety of international organizations that
lobby for the Sikh cause overseas.  Most prominent are the World Sikh
Organization and the International Sikh Youth Federation.
Other related organizations:
DAL KHALSA
10/28/92
GP00011
KEY WORDS:
POLITICAL OBJECTIVES/TARGET AUDIENCES:
* CREATE AN INDEPENDENT SIKH STATE IN THE PUNJAB;
* TARGET THE INDIAN GOVERNMENT, THE SIKH MODERATE COMMUNITY, AND HINDUS
IN GENERAL.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
BACKGROUND:
THE DAL KHALSA, THE OLDEST OF THE SIKH SEPARATIST GROUPS, WAS
ESTABLISHED WITH THE AVOWED OBJECT OF DEMANDING AN INDEPENDENT SIKH STATE. IT
BECAME INVOLVED IN TERRORISM AFTER THE SIKH INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT TURNED
VIOLENT UNDER SANT JARNAIL SINGH BHINDRANWALE IN 1981.  THE DAL KHALSA WAS
BANNED OFFICIALLY BY THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA AFTER ALLEGEDLY PARICIPATING IN
THE APRIL 1982 SIKH-HINDU COMMUNAL RIOTING.  THE GROUP CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY
FOR THE ASSASSINATION OF GENERAL A.S. VAIYDA, CHIEF OF THE INDIAN ARMY STAFF
DURING THE 1984 ARMY ASSAULT ON THE GOLDEN TEMPLE.  THE ASSASSINATION OF
VAIYDA TOOK PLACE IN AUGUST, 1986 AND DAL KHALSA CLAIMED THAT HE HAD BEEN ON
THE GROUP'S TARGET LIST SINCE THE TIME OF THE ARMY ATTACK ON THE GOLDEN
TEMPLE.
DASHMESH
10/28/92
GP00012
KEY WORDS:
DASHMESH REGIMENT; TENTH REGIMENT; 10TH REGIMENT
POLITICAL OBJECTIVES/TARGET AUDIENCES:
* ESTABLISH KHALISTAN AS AN INDEPENDENT SIKH STATE;
* TARGET INDIAN GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS, MODERATE SIKHS, AND HINDU
RESIDENTS OF THE PUNJAB.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
BACKGROUND:
THE DASHMESH "TENTH" REGIMENT PROBABLY WAS ORGANIZED UNDER THE AEGIS
OF SANT JARNAIL SINGH BHINDRANWALE.  AFTER CONDUCTING A REIGN OF TERROR IN
THE PUNJAB IN THE EARLY 1980S, HE WAS KILLED BY THE INDIAN ARMY IN A JUNE
1984 ATTACK ON THE SIKH GOLDEN TEMPLE.  THE GROUP WAS NAMED AFTER THE SIKHS'
REVERED 10TH AND LAST GURU, GOBIND SINGH, WHO IN THE 18TH CENTURY, IN
ADDITION TO GREATLY INFLUENCING THE SIKH RELIGION, FORGED THE SIKHS INTO A
WARRIOR CLASS.
THE DASHMESH REGIMENT'S FOUNDER IS REPUTED TO HAVE BEEN MAJOR GENERAL
SHAHEG SINGH, A SIKH OFFICER WITH EXPERIENCE TRAINING IRREGULARS IN
BANGLADESH, AND WHO WAS SUBSEQUENTLY CASHIERED FROM THE INDIAN ARMY FOR
CORRUPTION.  HOWEVER, SHORTLY BEFORE HIS DEATH IN THE ATTACK ON THE GOLDEN
TEMPLE, THE GENERAL VEHEMENTLY DISCLAIMED ANY CONNECTION WITH THE DASHMESH
REGIMENT OR ANY KNOWLEDGE ABOUT SUCH A REGIMENT.  SURINDER SINGH GILL, AN
ORTHODOX SIKH WHO GAVE UP A PRIZED CIVIL SERVICE POSITION TO JOIN
BHINDRANWALE, PROBABLY WAS THE GROUP'S FIRST LEADER.  FOLLOWING THE ASSAULT
ON THE GOLDEN TEMPLE, DASHMESH GAINED INCREASED COVERT AND POPULAR SUPPORT
AND HAS CONTINUED TO CLAIM RESPONSIBILITY FOR TERRORIST OPERATIONS
THROUGHOUT INDIA AND THE WORLD.  EXAMPLES OF ATTACKS CLAIMED BY DASHMESH
ARE THE FOLLOWING:
IN JUNE 1985 DASHMESH CLAIMED RESPONSIBILTY FOR AN INCIDENT AT
TOKYO'S NARITA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT WHEN A BOMB DESTINED FOR
PLACEMENT ON AN AIR INDIA JET LINER EXPLODED PREMATURELY, KILLING
TWO BAGGAGE HANDLERS.
DASHMESH ALSO CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE MIDAIR DESTRUCTION
OF AN AIR INDIA 747 FROM A BOMB PLACED IN THE LUGGAGE
COMPARTMENT.  ANOTHER TERRORIST GROUP, THE KASHMIR LIBERATION
FRONT ALSO CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE ABOVE INFORMATION WAS DERIVED FROM DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SOURCE
DOCUMENTS
Terror Groups 45
TERRA LLIURE
title
TERRA LLIURE
10/28/92
GP00035
KEY WORDS:
FREE LAND; TL
DESCRIPTION:
A LEFT WING CATALONIAN SEPARATIST TERRORIST GROUP FORMED IN THE 1970S
WITH THE GOAL OF ESTABLISHING AN INDEPENDENT MARXIST STATE IN THE SPANISH
PROVINCES OF VALENCIA AND CATALONIA.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
ACTIVITIES:
PRIMARILY SMALL-SCALE BOMBINGS AGAINST PROPERTY IN NORTHEASTERN SPAIN.
TARGETS INCLUDE FOREIGN BANKS AND TRAVEL AGENCIES.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
STRENGTH:
UNKNOWN
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECTED RECENT INCIDENT CHRONOLOGY
JULY, 1987:
A BOMB DETONATED IN FRONT OF THE BANCO HISPANO-AMERICANO IN
BARCELONA.  THERE WERE NO INJURIES.  TERRA LLIURE CLAIMED
RESPONSIBILITY.
OCTOBER, 1987:
A BOMB DETONATED IN A STAIRWELL OUTSIDE OF THE REAR ENTRANCE  OF
THE U.S. CONSULATE IN BARCELONA.  EIGHT PERSONS WERE INJURED.  TWO
GROUPS CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ATTACK: TERRA LLIURE, AND THE
RED ARMY FOR THE LIBERATION OF CATALONIA (ERCA).
DECEMBER, 1987:
TWO EXPLOSIVE DEVICES WERE THROWN INTO THE "IRUNA" BAR IN
BARCELONA, WHICH WAS THE TEMPORARY QUARTERS OF THE USO.  ONE
AMERICAN SAILOR DIED OF HIS INJURIES AND NINE OTHER U.S. SAILORS
WERE INJURED.  THE RED ARMY FOR THE LIBERATION OF CATALONIA (ERCA)
AND TERRA LLIURE CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY.
MARCH, 1988:
TERRA LLIURE CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE BOMBING OF THE BRITISH
CONSULATE IN BARCELONA IN SYMPATHY FOR THE IRISH REPUBLICAN ARMY.
MARCH, 1988:
TWO BOMBS DETONATED IN BARCELONA.  ONE WAS DIRECTED AT A CIVIL
GUARDS BARRACKS; AND A WOMAN WAS INJURED.  THE SECOND BOMB
DAMAGED AN ELECTRICAL TRANSFORMER.  TERRA LLIURE CLAIMED
RESPONSIBILITY.
MAY, 1988:
ELEVEN PERSONS WERE INJURED IN BARCELONA AS A RESULT OF TWO BOMBS
WHICH EXPLODED WITHIN 15 MINUTES OF EACH OTHER AT A BANK.  TERRA
LLIURE CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY.
JULY, 1988:
THREE BOMBS DETONATED IN BARCELONA ON THE MORNING OF JULY 17.  THE
BOMBINGS TOOK PLACE AT THE OFFICES OF THE ELECTRIC COMPANY, AN
UNEMPLOYMENT OFFICE AND A BANK BRANCH.  A FOURTH DEVICE WAS FOUND
AT ANOTHER UNEMPLOYMENT OFFICE AND DISARMED.  TWO PERSONS WERE
INJURED IN THE THREE EXPLOSIONS.  TERRA LLIURE CLAIMED
RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE BOMBINGS WHICH WERE CARRIED OUT TO PROTEST
THE CONSTRUCTION OF A NUCLEAR POWER STATION AND THE 1992 OLYMPIC
GAMES TO BE HELD IN BARCELONA.
AUGUST, 1988:
A BOMB DETONATED AT A BAR LOCATED IN BARCELONA'S RED LIGHT
DISTRICT.  THE BAR WAS LOCATED BEHIND A CIVIL GUARDS BARRACKS.
THERE WERE NO REPORTED INJURIES.  TERRA LLIURE CLAIMED
RESPONSIBILITY.
AUGUST, 1988:
TWO BOMBS DETONATED IN THE EARLY MORNING HOURS OF AUGUST 25, 1988.
ONE DEVICE DETONATED AT 3:15 AM, AND THE SECOND AT 4:30 AM.  BOTH
BOMBS DETONATED IN FRONT OF BANKS IN BARCELONA.  TERRA LLIURE
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY STATING THAT THE BOMBINGS WERE IN
RETALIATION OF THE BANKS' SUPPORT OF THE 1992 OLYMPIC GAMES.
MAY, 1989:
TERRA LLIURE CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE BOMBING OF A CIVIL WAR
MEMORIAL ON THE ISLAND OF MALLORCA.  THERE WERE NO INJURIES.
SEPTEMBER, 1989:
TERRA LLIURE CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR AN ATTACK ON A CIVIL GUARD
POST IN GERONA PROVINCE IN WHICH TWO CIVIL GUARDS WERE SERIOUSLY
WOUNDED.
SEPTEMBER, 1989:
TERRA LLIURE WARNED THAT THE 1992 BARCELONA OLYMPICS WILL CONTINUE
TO BE THE GROUP'S "PRIMARY" TARGET.
MARCH, 1990:
THREE BOMBS DETONATED ON MARCH 9, 1990, OUTSIDE THREE COURTHOUSES
IN BARCELONA.  THERE WERE NO REPORTED CASUALTIES.  TERRA LLIURE
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY.
JULY, 1991:
SPANISH MEDIA SOURCES REPORTED THAT TERRA LLIURE HAD UNDERGONE AN
INTERNAL DIVISION IN WHICH THE LEADERSHIP OF THE GROUP AND A
SIGNIFICANT PORTION OF THE RANK AND FILE HAD VOTED TO CEASE
TERRORIST ACTIVITIES.
OCTOBER, 1991:
A BOMB WAS FOUND IN GOVERNMENT OFFICES IN GERONA.  THE DEVICE WAS
DISARMED.  WHILE NO PERSON OR GROUP CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE
DEVICE, CIVIL GUARDS SOURCES STATED IT WAS OF THE TYPE USED BY
TERRA LLIURE, AND THAT THE INCIDENT TOOK PLACE IN AN AREA OF SPAIN
IN WHICH TERRA LLIURE HAD HISTORICALLY OPERATED.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE ABOVE INFORMATION IS DERIVED FROM DEPARTMENT OF STATE AND PUBLIC MEDIA
SOURCE DOCUMENTS.
Terror Groups 46
The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE)
title
The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE)
Other known front organizations:  World Tamil Association (WTA), World Tamil
Movement (WTM), the Federation of Associations of Canadian Tamils (FACT)
Description
Founded in 1976, the LTTE is the most powerful group in Sri Lanka and uses
overt and illegal methods to raise funds, acquire weapons, and publicize its
cause of establishing an independent Tamil state.  The LTTE began its armed
conflict with the Sri Lankan government in 1983 and relies on a guerrilla
strategy that includes the use of terrorist tactics.
Activities
The Tigers have integrated a battlefield insurgent strategy with a terrorist
program that targets not only key personnel in the countryside but also
senior Sri Lankan political and military leaders in Colombo.  Political
assassinations have become commonplace and culminated in May 1993 with the
fatal bombing of President Ranasinghe Premadasa.  Other key figures
assassinated since 1990 include moderate Tamil leader A. Amirthalingam
(1990), Cabinet Minister Ranjan Wijeratne (1990), former Indian Prime
Minister Rajiv Gandhi (1991), Army General Denzil Kobbakaduwa (1992), Navy
Chief Vice Admiral Clancy Fernando (1992), and opposition party leader
Lalith Athulathmudali.
Strength
Approximately 10,000 armed combatants in Sri Lanka; about three to six
thousand form a trained cadre of fighters.  The LTTE also has a significant
overseas support structure for fundraising, weapons procurement, and
propaganda activities.
Location/Area of Operation
The Tigers control most of the northern and eastern coastal areas of Sri
Lanka but have conducted operations throughout the island.  Headquartered in
the Jaffna peninsula, LTTE leader Velupillai Prabhakaran has established an
extensive network of checkpoints and informants to keep track of any
"outsiders" who enter the group's area of control.  The LTTE prefers to
attack vulnerable government facilities, then withdraw before reinforcements
arrive.
External aid
The LTTE's overt organizations support Tamil separatism by lobbying foreign
governments and the United Nations.  The LTTE also uses its international
contacts to procure weapons, communications, and bomb-making equipment.  The
LTTE exploits large Tamil communities in North America, Europe, and Asia to
obtain funds and supplies for its fighters in Sri Lanka.  Information
obtained since the mid-1980s indicates that some Tamil communities in Europe
are also involved in narcotics smuggling.  Tamils historically have served
as drug couriers moving narcotics into Europe.
May 1995:
50,000 people - soldiers, rebels and civilians have been killed in this struggle.
May 1995:
23 soldiers killed, mortars and ammunition captured by LTTE.
April 1995:
90 people killed when two separate aircraft were shot down by the LTTE.
January 5, 1995:
Truce signed.
Selected Incident Chronology
    April 1975 - Claimed responsibility for the murder of Jaffna mayor
                 Alfred Doriappa.
    July 1983 - Ambushed and killed 13 soldiers, setting off island-wide
                ethnic riots.
    April 1986 - Killed many members of another Tamil group (TELO) after
                 a week of fighting:
    May 1986 - Suspected of organizing the bombing of an Air Lanka
               aircraft at Colombo airport, killing 15.
    June 1986 - Believed to be behind the placing of a rickshaw
                bomb in front of a crowded Colombo movie theater and
                exploding time bombs on two buses.
    July 1986 - Blamed for placing bombs on buses over a bay period,
                causing an estimated 100 deaths.
    September 1986 - Murdered a German engineer attached to the
                     Deutsche Welle radio-relay station.
    December 1986 - In one week, attacked and killed over 90 members of
                    a rival militant group, the Eelam People's
                    Revolutionary Liberation Front.
    February 1987 - Hacked to death 28 sleeping villagers, including
                    5 women and 10 children in Ampara, Sri Lanka.
    April 1987 - Bombed central bus station in Colombo, killing
                 106 people and wounding 295 others.
    April 1987 - Attacked four buses, killing 107 people near the
                 village of Aluth-Oya.
    June 1987 - Attacked a busload of Buddhist monks traveling south
                of Batticaloa, killing 29 and wounding 17.
    October 1987 - When 12 captured LTTE members committed suicide by
                   taking cyanide capsules, the group unleashed a wave
                   of terrorist attacks in reprisal, killing more than
                   200, including several captured Sri Lankan soldiers.
    May 1988 - Planted two landmines in Trincomalee; explosions
               killed seven members of the Indian Peacekeeping Force.
    March 1992 - 38 soldiers and scores of rebels were killed in
               KOKKUTHUDUWAN.
    May 1992 - Two high level leaders charged in connection with the
               slaying of Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi.  Velupillai Prabhakaran
               and Pottu Amman.  Pottu Amman, the rebels' intelligence
               chief, charged as the main figure in the assassination.
               Both guerrilla leaders are in Sri Lanka's northern jungles.
               India has banned the Tamil Tiger group.
    December 1992 - 10 soldiers and 18 separatist guerrillas were
               were killed in Nanaddan.  More than 17,500 people have
               been killed since 1983.
Terror Groups 47
The Mojahedin-e Khalq (MEK)
title
The Mojahedin-e Khalq (MEK)
aka:  The National Liberation Army
of Iran (The military wing of the MEK),
Muslim Iranian Students Society (front organization used to garner financial
support)
Description
Formed in the 1960s by the college-educated children of Iranian merchants,
the MEK sought to counter what is perceived as excessive Western influence
in the Shah's regime.  In the 1970s, the MEK -- led by Masud Rajavi after
1978 -- concluded that violence was the only way to bring about change in
Iran.  Since then, the MEK -- following a philosophy that mixes Marxism and
Islam -- has developed into the largest and most active armed Iranian
dissident group.  Its history is studded with anti-Western activity, and,
most recently, attacks on the interests of the clerical regime in Iran and
abroad.
Activities
The MEK directs a worldwide campaign against the Iranian Government that
stresses propaganda and occasionally uses terrorist violence.  During the
1970s, the MEK staged terrorist attacks inside Iran to destabilize and
embarrass the Shah's regime; the group killed several U.S. military
personnel and civilians working on defense projects in Tehran.  In 1979 the
group supported the takeover of the US Embassy in Tehran.  In April 1992,
the MEK carried out nearly simultaneous attacks on Iranian Embassies in 13
different countries in North America, Europe, and the Pacific Rim.  The
attacks caused extensive property damage and demonstrated the group's
ability to mount large-scale operations overseas.  The group is responsible
for two armed attacks during 1993.
Strength
Several thousand fighters based in Iraq with an extensive overseas support
structure.  Most of the fighters are organized in the MEK's National
Liberation Army (NLA).
Location/Area of Operation
In the 1980s, the MEK's leaders were forced by Iranian security forces to
flee to France.  Most resettled in Iraq by 1987.  Since the mid-1980s, the
MEK has not mounted terrorists operations in Iran at a level similar to its
activities in the 1970s.  Aside from the National Liberation Army's attacks
into Iran toward the end of the Iran-Iraq war, and occasional NLA cross-
border incursions since, the MEK's attacks on Iran have amounted to little
more than harassment.  The MEK has had more success in confronting Iranian
representatives overseas through propaganda and street demonstrations.
External Aid
Beyond support from Iraq, the MEK uses front organizations to solicit
contributions from expatriate Iranian communities.
Terror Groups 48
Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA)
title
"Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA)
Description
Traditional Marxist-Leninist revolutionary movement formed in 1983.
Currently struggling to remain viable.  Has suffered from defections and
government counterterrorist successes in addition to infighting and loss of
leftist support. objective remains to rid Peru of "imperialism" and
establish Marxist regime.
Activities
Bombings, kidnappings, ambushes, assassinations.  Previously responsible for
large number of anti-US attacks; recent activity has dropped off
dramatically.
Strength
Unknown; greatly diminished in past year.
Location/Area of Operation
Peru; provided assistance in Bolivia to Bolivian ELN.
External Aid
None.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECTED INCIDENT CHRONOLOGY
MARCH, 1984:
MACHINEGUNNED THE RESIDENCE OF A FORMER MINISTER OF ECONOMY.
SEPTEMBER, 1984:
MURDERED A NONCOMMISSIONED OFFICER IN A MACHINEGUN ATTACK ON A
GUARD POST AT THE LIMA NAVAL HOSPITAL.
OCTOBER, 1984:
FIRED ON THE EXTERIOR OF THE U.S. EMBASSY BUILDING.
MARCH, 1985:
SET FIRE TO TWO KENTUCKY FRIED CHICKEN RESTAURANTS AND ATTEMPTED TO
IGNITE A THIRD.
JULY, 1985:
WOUNDED THREE CIVILIANS IN SHOOTING AND BOMBING ATTACKS ON SIX LIMA
POLICE STATIONS.
NOVEMBER, 1985:
BOMBED THE LIMA OFFICES OF THE TEXACO CORPORATION.
NOVEMBER, 1985:
FIRED SHOTS INTO THE U.S. EMBASSY COMPOUND AND ATTEMPTED TO THROW A
BOMB, WHICH DETONATED ON A SIDEWALK OUTSIDE THE EMBASSY.
JANUARY, 1986:
OCCUPIED TWO RADIO STATIONS AND BRADCAST A PROTEST OF U.S. SENATOR
EDWARD KENNEDY.
APRIL, 1986:
BELIEVED RESPONSIBLE FOR A CAR BOMB AT THE RESIDENCE OF THE U.S.
AMBASSADOR, AS WELL AS SEVERAL OTHER BOMBS AT U.S AND U.S.-
AFFILIATED BUILDINGS, INCLUDING BANKS AND BUSINESSES.
AUGUST, 1986:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR BOMBS PLACED IN TWO GOVERNMENT OF PERU
MINISTRY BUILDINGS A FEW DAYS AFTER ANNOUNCING AN END TO A SELF-
PROCLAIMED TRUCE WITH THE GARCIA GOVERNMENT.
SEPTEMBER, 1986:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR AN ATTACK ON THE EMBASSY OF CHILE IN
SOLIDARITY WITH LEFTIST GROUPS OPPOSING THE PINOCHET GOVERNMENT IN
CHILE.
DECEMBER, 1986:
DYNAMITED SEVERAL U.S. OR U.S.- AFFILIATED FACILITIES.  SLOGANS
PAINTED ON THE BUILDINGS ANNOUNCED THE MERGER OF THE MRTA AND THE
JANUARY, 1987:
AMBUSHED AND MURDERED AN ARMY RECRUITING OFFICER IN HUANCAYO.
JANUARY, 1987:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR BOMBING A BUILDING WHICH HOUSED THE
OFFICES OF A U.S. AIRLINE, THE UNITED NATIONS, AND THE EMBASSY OF
AUSTRIA.
FEBRUARY, 1987:
TOOK OVER SIX RADIO STATIONS IN LIMA TO DENOUNCE THE GOVERNMENT.
FEBRUARY-MARCH, 1987:
BOMBED SEVERAL BRANCHES OF PERU'S LARGEST BANKS.
MARCH, 1987:
TOOK OVER A RADIO STATION, INVADED A CHURCH, AND OCCUPIED A
PRIVATE MANUFACTURING CONCERN TO GIVE REVOLUTIONARY SPEECHES AND
URGE PARTICIPATION IN THE "ARMED STRUGGLE."  THIS FORM OF
PROPAGANDIZING WAS A NEW MODUS OPERANDI FOR THE MRTA-MIR GROUPS.
MARCH, 1987:
DYNAMITED A CONTAINER COMPANY.  A MANAGER WHO CHASED ONE TERRORIST
WAS SHOT AND KILLED BY OTHER TERRORISTS DURING THEIR ESCAPE.
APRIL, 1987:
TOOK OVER A RADIO STATION IN TACNA AND BROADCAST A FIFTEEN MINUTE
PRERECORDED MESSAGE CALLING FOR ARMED STRUGGLE AGAINST THE GARCIA
GOVERNMENT.
MAY, 1987:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR BLOWING UP FOUR BUSES IN SUPPORT OF
NATIONAL WORK STOPPAGE; AGAIN TOOK OVER LIMA RADIO STATIONS TO
BROADCAST PRO-MRTA MESSAGES.
JUNE, 1987:
INVADED TWO RADIO STATIONS IN LIMA AND FORCED THEM TO BROADCAST A
TAPE MARKING THE SECOND ANNIVERSARY OF A MRTA ATTACK DURING THE
ADMINISTRATION OF PRESIDENT BELAUNDE.
JUNE, 1987:
DETONATED A CAR BOMB NEAR THE SUBURBAN LIMA BRANCH OF BANCO DE
CREDITO; MRTA PROPAGANDA WAS FOUND AT THE SCENE.
AUGUST, 1987:
BELIEVED RESPONSIBLE FOR A GRENADE ATTACK AGAINST THE PRESIDENTIAL
PALACE.
SEPTEMBER, 1987:
BY SEPTEMBER HAD CONDUCTED SOME 39 BOMBINGS AT MAJOR BANKING
FACILITIES IN ADDITION TO BOMBINGS AT GOVERNMENT OFFICES,
UNIVERSITY SITES, AND U.S.-OWNED BUSINESS LOCATIONS.
OCTOBER, 1987:
SET OFF SMALL BOMBS AT THE BOLIVIAN EMBASSY AND AN ANNEX OF THE
U.S. CONSULATE.
NOVEMBER, 1987:
A COLUMN OF MORE THAN EIGHTY MRTA INSURGENTS STAGED A CAREFULLY
PLANNED, WELL-PUBLICIZED TAKEOVER OF JUANJUI, SAN MARTIN PROVINCE,
DEPARTING THE AREA BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF GOVERNMENT SECURITY
FORCES.
FEBRAURY, 1988:
CAUSED EXTENSIVE DAMAGE BUT NO INJURIES IN BOMBINGS OF SHELL OIL
OFFICES, A PHARMACEUTICAL FACTORY, A FURNITURE STORE, AND THE
ARMCO PERU PLANT IN LIMA.
MARCH, 1988:
BOMBED THE LIMA HEADQUARTERS OF ANGLO-NETHERLANDS ROYAL DUTCH
SHELL OIL COMPANY, INJURING TWO PERSONS AND CAUSING CONSIDERABLE
DAMAGE.
APRIL, 1988:
SIMULTANEOUSLY BOMBED TWO LIMA U.S. INFORMATION SERVICE (USIS)
BINATIONAL CENTERS, DAMAGING THEIR FACADES AND INJURING TWO.
JUNE, 1988:
FIRED THREE 60MM MORTAR ROUNDS AT THE RESIDENCE OF THE U.S.
AMBASSADOR.  THE ATTACK CAUSED ONLY MINOR DAMAGE.
JULY, 1988:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR KIDNAPPING A PERUVIAN BUSINESSMAN.
JANUARY, 1989:
ATTEMPTED TO ASSASSINATE A PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE.  IN THE FAILED
ATTEMPT, FOUR BODYGUARDS WERE WOUNDED.
JANUARY, 1989:
FIREBOMBED A LIMA RESTAURANT FREQUENTED BY U.S. DIPLOMATS.  THERE
WERE NO CASUALTIES.
FEBRUARY, 1989:
RAIDED AND LOOTED A STATE-OWNED OIL FIELD CAMP. NO CASUALTIES.
MARCH, 1989:
BOMBED THE VENEZUELAN EMBASSY IN LIMA.  NO CASUALTIES.
OCTOBER, 1989:
BOMBED THE U.S. - PERU BINATIONAL CULTURAL CENTER IN LIMA.
OCTOBER, 1989:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE KIDNAPPING A RADIO/TELEVISION
MAGNATE.
DECEMBER, 1989:
BOMBED THE U.S. - PERU BINATIONAL CULTURAL CENTER IN AREQUIPA.  NO
CASUALTIES.
DECEMBER, 1989:
BOMBED A MORMON CHAPEL IN TARAPOTO.  NO CASUALTIES.
JANUARY, 1990:
BOMBED THE RESIDENCE OF THE U.S. MARINE EMBASSY GUARDS IN LIMA.
ONE PASSERBY INJURED.
FEBRUARY, 1990:
BOMBED THE U.S. EMBASSY WAREHOUSE, THE PANAMANIAN EMBASSY, AND THE
OFFICES OF A U.S. - AFFILIATED COMPANY.  NO CASUALTIES.
JULY, 1990:
FORTY EIGHT MRAT MEMBERS, INCLUDING THE GROUP'S LEADER, ESCAPED
FROM PRISON.
JULY, 1990:
BOMBED THE U.S. - PERU BINATIONAL CULTURAL CENTER IN CUSCO.  NO
CASUALTIES.
JULY, 1990:
BOMBED THE LIMA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT.  NO CASUALTIES.
NOVEMBER, 1990:
BOMBED THE OFFICES OF THE XEROX CORPORATION AND A SYNAGOGUE IN
LIMA.  NO CASUALTIES.
NOVEMBER, 1990:
CONDUCTED A ROCKET ATTACK AGAINST THE U.S. CONSULATE IN LIMA.  NO
CASUALTIES.
NOVEMBER, 1990:
BOMBED THE RESIDENCE OF THE U.S. AMBASSADOR TO PERU AND THE
U.S. - PERU BINATIONAL CULTURAL CENTER IN LIMA.  NO CASUALTIES.
DECEMBER, 1990:
BOMBED THE U.S., SOVIET, AND JAPANESE EMBASSIES, PLUS TWO
DEPARTMENT STORES AND A SUPERMARKET IN LIMA.  NO CASUALTIES.
DECEMBER, 1990:
CAR BOMB AT A SHOPPING MALL IN LIMA.  NO CASUALTIES.
FEBRUARY, 1991:
BOMBED THE BRITISH CULTURAL CENTER IN LIMA. NO CASUALTIES.
FEBRUARY, 1991:
BOMBED A U.S. - AFFILIATED SECURITY FIRM WHICH SERVED THE U.S.
EMBASSY.  TWO PEOPLE WERE KILLED AND FIVE OTHERS WERE INJURED.
FEBRUARY, 1991:
BOMBED TWO RESTUARANTS (KENTUCKY FRIED CHICKEN & PIZZA HUT).
SIX PERSONS WERE INJURED AT THE KENTUCKY FRIED CHICKEN SITE.
MARCH, 1991:
BOMBED TWO MORMON CHAPELS IN CHICLAYO.  ONE INJURY.  ADDITIONAL
BOMBS WERE DOSCOVERED AND DISARMED AT TWO OTHER MORMON CHAPELS.
NOVEMBER, 1991:
GRENADE ATTACK AGAINST PRESIDENTIAL PALACE.  THREE WERE HURT.
NOVEMBER, 1991:
UNSUCCESSFUL MORTAR AND CAR BOMB ATTACK AGAINST THE PRESIDENTIAL
PALACE IN LIMA.  NO INJURIES.
MARCH, 1992:
CONDUCTED SIMULTANEOUS ATTACKS AGAINST TWO RESTAURANTS IN LIMA,
CLAIMING THAT THE MANAGERS HAD ACTED IN A "REPRESSIVE" MANNER
DURING A PAY DISPUTE.  ONE RESTAURANT WAS BOMBED AND THE OTHER WAS
BURNED.  THERE WERE NO SERIOUS INJURIES.
MARCH, 1992:
FIVE BOMBS DAMAGED AN ELECTRICAL POWER GRID BLACKING OUT PART OF
THE CITY OF TRUJILLO.JULY, 1992:
CONDUCTED MULTIPLE ATTACKS ON AT LEAST FOUR TOWNS.  IN THE COURSE
OF THE ATTACKS AT LEAST FOUR BANKS WERE LOOTED.  TWO POLICE
OFFICERS, ONE ARMY OFFICER, AND FIVE CIVILIANS WERE REPORTED
KILLED.  SEVERAL PEOPLE WERE WOUNDED.
AUGUST, 1992:
TUPAC AMARU DETONATED A MINE IN LIMA'S MIRAFLORES DISTRICT,
FORCING AN ARMY TRUCK OFF OF A CLIFF.  FIVE OF THE SOLDIERS IN THE
TRUCK WERE KILLED AND SIX WERE SERIOUSLY INJURED.  A PASSERBY WAS
REPORTED KILLED.
AUGUST, 1992:
OCCUPIED THE OFFICES OF UNITED PRESS INTERNATIONAL IN LIMA AND
FORCED A CORRESPONDENT TO TRANSMIT A MESSAGE DENOUNCING PRESIDENT
FUJIMORI OVER THE UPI WIRE.  THE TERRORISTS LEFT BEHIND A BOMB
WHICH WAS DISARMED.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE ABOVE INFORMATION IS DERIVED FROM DEPARTMENT OF STATE, DEPARTMENT OF
DEFENSE, AND PUBLIC MEDIA SOURCE DOCUMENTS.
Terror Groups 49
Tupac Katari Guerrilla Army (EGTK)
title
Tupac Katari Guerrilla Army (EGTK)
Description
Indigenous, anti-Western Bolivian subversive organization.
Activities
Frequently attacks small, unprotected targets, such as power pylons, oil
pipelines, and government offices.  Has targeted Mormon churches with fire-
bombings and attacked USAID motorpool in January 1993.
Strength
Fewer than 100
Location/Area of Operation
Bolivia, primarily the Chapare region, near the Peruvian border, and the
Altiplano.
External Aid
None.
Terror Groups 50
Macheteros (Machete Wielders)
title
    Macheteros (Machete Wielders)
    Date Formed: 1978.
    Estimated Membership: Unknown.
    Headquarters: Unknown
    Area of Operations: Puerto Rico.
    Leadership: Unknown.
    Other Names: Ejercito Popular de Boricua (EPB), Boricua Popular Army.
                 (Boricua refers to rural inland Puerto Ricans.)
    Sponsors: None known.
Political Objectives/Target Audiences:
    * Wage a terrorist war against "U.S. colonialist imperialism."
    * Create public support for creation of a separate Puerto Rican
      nation.
Background
      The Macheteros are a tightly organized and extremely violent Puerto
    Rican separatist group that has targeted primarily U.S. military
    personnel and Puerto Rican police. The group has tight internal
    security procedures and precisely executes its attacks.
      The Macheteros appear to be fiercely dedicated to total Puerto Rican
    independence. Nothing short of that is likely to cause them to cease
    terrorist operations. The stated position of the group is that they
    have "declared war" on the United States.
      Direct ties of the Macheteros to other groups operating in Latin
    America have not been established. There is apparent cooperation with
    another Puerto Rican separatist group called the Organization of
    Volunteers for the Puerto Rican Revolution.  The two have made joint
    claims following some attacks. The Macheteros probably also have links
    to the Armed Forces of National Liberation, a Puerto Rican separatist
    group that has conducted anti-U.S. attacks for over three decades.
      Robberies and thefts evidently provide a major source of funds. The
    Macheteros also may receive donations from ideological backers.
Selected Incident Chronology
    August 1978 - Killed a policeman during a robbery.
    December 1979 - Killed two sailors in an attack on a U.S. Navy bus.
    March 1980 - Fired on a bus carrying three ROTC instructors from
                 the University of Puerto Rico.
    January 1981 - Destroyed eight aircraft and damaged two others in a
                   carefully executed multiple bombing attack on the Air
                   National Guard airfield. Damage was estimated at
                   $40 million.
    May 1982 - Killed one sailor and wounded three others in an ambush
               outside a San Juan nightclub.
    September 1983 - Robbed a Wells Fargo armored truck depot in Hartford,
                     Connecticut. The $7.2 million heist was the second
                     largest in U.S. history.
    October 1983 - Fired an antitank rocket into the new Federal Building
                   in San Juan to protest U.S. rescue operations in Grenada.
    January 1985 - Fired an antitank rocket into the Federal Courthouse in
                   San Juan.
    November 1985 - Shot and wounded a U.S. Army recruiting officer in an
                    ambush while he was on his way to work.
    October 1986 - Placed some ten explosive devices at military and
                   military-related facilities across the island.
    November 1986 - Placed a bomb at a National Guard building in old San
                    Juan.
    December 1986 - Bombed a vehicle at the National Guard Center at
                    Yauco.
    May 1992 - The leader of the macheteros was convicted in absentia
                    of masterminding a $7.1 million robbery of an armored-
                    car depot in 1983.  Filiberto Ojeda Rios, 59, was
                    convicted on charges including bank robbery and conspiracy.
    May 1992 - Filiberto Ojeda Rios was sentenced in absentia to 55 years.
Terror Groups 17
Terror Groups 19
Terror Groups 33
Terror Groups 24
Terror Groups 42
Terror Groups 46
Terror Groups 27
Terror Groups 29
Terror Groups 5
Terror Groups 34
Terror Groups 43
Terror Groups 50
Terror Groups 15
Terror Groups 37
Terror Groups 39
Terror Groups 25
Terror Groups 8
Terror Groups 44
Terror Groups 1
Terror Groups 10
Terror Groups 18
Terror Groups 47
Terror Groups 49
Terror Groups 11
Terror Groups 35
Terror Groups 2
Terror Groups 6
Terror Groups 20
Terror Groups 28
Terror Groups 12
Terror Groups 16
Terror Groups 21
Terror Groups 22
Terror Groups 26
Terror Groups 3
Terror Groups 30
Terror Groups 38
Terror Groups 45
Terror Groups 13
Terror Groups 31
Terror Groups 23
Terror Groups 32
Terror Groups 36
Terror Groups 4
Terror Groups 40
Terror Groups 48
Terror Groups 7
Terror Groups 9
Terror Groups 14
Terror Groups 41
rror Groups 7
Terror Groups 9
World Factbook 1996 Edition
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